Predicting and Discovering True Muonium (μ+μ−)

Lamm, Henry; Ji, Y.

doi:10.1051/epjconf/201818101016

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…While searches for long-lived particles typically focus on new BSM states [26], TM is an example of a SM long-lived particle that can be searched for at LHCb. Predictions of the mass and lifetime at higher order than those derived here are available [22,27]; however, it is unlikely that LHCb will be sensitive to these higher order corrections.…”

Section: True Muonium Signal As a Dark Photonmentioning

confidence: 72%

Discovering true muonium at LHCb

et al. 2019

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We study the potential of the LHCb experiment to discover, for the first time, the µ + µ − true muonium bound state. We propose a search for the vector 1 3 S1 state, TM, which kinetically mixes with the photon and dominantly decays to e + e − . We demonstrate that a search for η → γTM, TM → e + e − in a displaced vertex can exceed a significance of 5 standard deviations assuming statistical uncertainties. We present two possible searches: an inclusive search for the e + e − vertex, and an exclusive search which requires an additional photon and a reconstruction of the η mass.

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Section: True Muonium Signal As a Dark Photonmentioning

confidence: 72%

Discovering true muonium at LHCb

et al. 2019

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“…At the same time, purely leptonic bound states containing electrons are limited in their BSM discovery potential through atomic spectroscopy by the mass suppression due to the small term m e /Λ BSM . In contrast, bound states containing only μ and τ particles have much larger reduced masses so their BSM sensibility is enhanced [2]. One of the possible bound-state choices is represented by the so-called true muonium (TM), a bound state containing a μ + and a μ − , that, with its 211.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

True muonium resonant production at e ⁺ e ⁻ colliders with standard crossing angle

Gargiulo,

Palmisano,

Di Meco

et al. 2024

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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True muonium (μ+μ-) is the heaviest and smallest bound state not containing hadrons, after true tauonium (τ+τ-) and mu-tauonium (μ+τ-).One of the proposed methods to observe the spin 1 fundamental state of TM, which has the smallest lifetime among TM spin 1 states, was to build an e+e- collider with a large crossing angle (θ ~ 30°) in order to provide TM with a large boost and detect its decay vertex in e+e-.The following paper will instead show that TM excited states can be observed in relatively large quantities (O(10)/month) at a e+e- collider with standard crossing angle, after setting their center-of-mass energy to the TM mass (2mμ=211.4 MeV).

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“…However, it relies on the η → γ + T M process and assumes that a soft photon originating in the η meson decay can be efficiently reconstructed, which may turn out to be challenging. A possibility of observing true muonium at running (HPS, DIRAC) and proposed (REDTOP) fixed-target experiments has also been discussed in the literature [2]. Finally, a dedicated electron-positron collider was proposed for construction in Novosibirsk and is described in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DIMUS: Super-Compact Dimuonium Spectroscopy Collider at Fermilab

Fox¹,

Jindariani²,

Shiltsev³

2022

Preprint

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While dimuonium (µ + µ − ) -the "smallest QED atom" -has not yet been observed, it is of utmost fundamental interest. By virtue of the larger mass, dimuonium has greater sensitivity to beyond the standard model (BSM) effects than its cousins positronium or muonium, both discovered long ago, while not suffering from large QCD uncertainties. Dimuonium atoms can be created in e + e − collisions with large longitudinal momentum, allowing them to decay a small distance away from the beam crossing point and avoid prompt backgrounds. We envision a unique cost-effective and fast-timeline opportunity for copious production of (µ + µ − ) atoms at the production threshold via a modest modification of Fermilab's existing FAST/NML facility to arrange collisions of 408 MeV electrons and positrons at a 75 o angle. This compact 23 m circumference collider (DIMUS) will allow for precision tests of QED and open the door for searches for new physics coupled to the muon. Fermilab's FAST/NML is perfectly suited for DIMUS as there are existing SRF accelerators and infrastructure, capable of producing high energy, high current electron and positron beams, sufficient for O(10 32 )cm 2 s −1 luminosity and ∼0.5 million dimuons per year. The expansion will require installation of a second SRF cryomodule, positron production and accumulation system, fast injection/extraction kickers and two small circumference intersecting rings. An approximately meter-sized detector with several layers of modern pixelated silicon detector and crystal-based electromagnetic calorimeters will ensure observation of the decays of dimuonium to electron-positron pairs in presence of the Bhabba scattering background. An expansion of the system to include solenoidal magnet outside of the calorimeter system, a layer of steel shielding behind the magnet, and a set of dedicated muon detectors would extend the physics program of DIMUS to include precision studies of rare processes with muons, pions, and η mesons produced in e + e − collisions.

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Predicting and Discovering True Muonium (μ⁺μ⁻)

Cited by 12 publications

References 47 publications

Discovering true muonium at LHCb

Discovering true muonium at LHCb

True muonium resonant production at e ⁺ e ⁻ colliders with standard crossing angle

DIMUS: Super-Compact Dimuonium Spectroscopy Collider at Fermilab

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Predicting and Discovering True Muonium (μ+μ−)

Cited by 12 publications

References 47 publications

Discovering true muonium at LHCb

Discovering true muonium at LHCb

True muonium resonant production at e + e − colliders with standard crossing angle

DIMUS: Super-Compact Dimuonium Spectroscopy Collider at Fermilab

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Product

Resources

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Predicting and Discovering True Muonium (μ⁺μ⁻)

True muonium resonant production at e ⁺ e ⁻ colliders with standard crossing angle