Predicting Arrest in a Sample of Youth Perinatally Exposed to HIV: The Intersection of HIV and Key Contextual Factors

Abstract

We examined the role of youth HIV status and other key factors on past-year arrest in perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (PHIV-) and perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV+) youth using data from a multi-site study of psychosocial behaviors in PHIV-exposed urban youth (N = 340; 61% PHIV+; 51% female; ages 9-16 at baseline). Youth and caregivers were administered 5 interviews, spanning approximately 7.5 years. Using longitudinal logistic mixed-effect models, we explored the association between past year arrest, internal [e.g., substance use disorder (SUD)] and external (e.g., neighborhood arrest rates) contextual factors, and social-regulation processes (e.g., in-school/work). Arrest rates increased from 2.6 to 19.7% across follow-ups; there were no differences in arrest over time by HIV status. In the final model, odds of arrest were greater for youth who were male, with SUD, ≥ 18 years old, with high levels of city stress, and neither in school nor employed. PHIV-exposed, urban youth have much higher rates of arrest than national samples. Lack of differences in arrest by HIV status suggests key contextual factors are more important in promoting arrest.

Behavioral Health and Adult Milestones in Young Adults With Perinatal HIV Infection or Exposure

“…58 High rates of incarceration (12%) and homelessness (16%) were reported, reflecting the challenges faced by many YAs in poor, urban communities. 59 There are several limitations of our study. Our findings may not be broadly generalizable because we only included NYC participants.…”

Substance Use and HIV Among Justice-Involved Youth: Intersecting Risks

“…After excluding duplicates, 532 articles were screened for inclusion based on title and abstract and 478 were eliminated because of their irrelevance to the topic. Additionally, 8 publications from the search results that addressed the intersection of HIV, substance use and juvenile justice were excluded because of the study design; this included 1 systematic review of HIV/STI prevention interventions for detained and delinquent youth [19], 3 studies examining intersecting risks of HIV, substance use and justice involvement among HIV-positive youth [21][22][23], 2 studies of large existing adolescent health databases [24,25] and 2 retrospective studies of at-risk populations (a community-based sample of African American youth [26] and Black men recruited from STI clinics [27]) examining how a history of juvenile justice involvement and/or incarceration may increase HIV risk.…”

“…Additional study or intervention details (e.g., intervention content, data collection procedures) that were unpublished were not requested by the authors or investigators. Second, our review intentionally did not include the few studies of substance use and justice involvement among HIV positive youth [21][22][23]; this is a growing and important area of future research that can inform the field in different ways about the intersection of substance use, HIV and justice involvement.…”