Predicting biochar properties and functions based on feedstock and pyrolysis temperature: A review and data syntheses

Li, Simeng; Harris, Scott R.; Anandhi, Aavudai; Chen, Gang

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.106

Cited by 294 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Therefore, it can be inferred that 500 °C is the temperature at which the physical properties of pine sawdust biochar undergo a significant change 16 . Notably, pine sawdust biochar production is still associated with a large yield when pyrolysis is performed at higher temperatures; interestingly, such temperatures are higher than those reported earlier for the pyrolysis of biomass samples 24,25 . "…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Adsorption characteristics and mechanism of p-nitrophenol by pine sawdust biochar samples produced at different pyrolysis temperatures

Liu

Deng

Shi

2020

Sci Rep

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Biochar is becoming a low-cost substitute of activated carbon for the removal of multiple contaminants. In this study, five biochar samples derived from pine sawdust were produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (300 °C-700 °C) and used adsorbents to remove p-nitrophenol from water. Results indicate that, as the pyrolysis temperature increases, the surface structure of biochar grows in complexity, biochar's aromaticity and number of functional group decrease, and this material's polarity increases. Biochar's physiochemical characteristics and dosage, as well as solution's pH and environmental temperature significantly influence the p-nitrophenol adsorption behavior of biochar. p-nitrophenol adsorption onto biochar proved to be an endothermic and spontaneous process; furthermore, a greater energy exchange was observed to take place when biochar samples prepared at high temperatures were utilized. the adsorption mechanism includes physical adsorption and chemisorption, whereas its rate is mainly affected by intra-particle diffusion. Notably, in biochar samples prepared at low temperature, adsorption is mainly driven by electrostatic interactions, whereas, in their high-temperature counterparts, p-nitrophenol adsorption is driven also by hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions involving functional groups on the biochar surface.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Adsorption characteristics and mechanism of p-nitrophenol by pine sawdust biochar samples produced at different pyrolysis temperatures

Liu

Deng

Shi

2020

Sci Rep

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“…A great majority of crop-based studies report an increase in yield (+10%-25%) after biochar addition [16,22]. Biochar appears to have a stronger positive effect when applied on acidic, nutrient-poor soils such as those widespread in the tropics [23][24][25]. For trees, the results of the 17 studies analyzed in Thomas and Gale [14] suggests that the positive effect of biochar on tree growth appears higher for angiosperms than conifers and in boreal and tropical systems rather than temperate ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar Effects on Two Tropical Tree Species and Its Potential as a Tool for Reforestation

Lefebvre¹,

Román-Dañobeytia

Soete

et al. 2019

Forests

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Research Highlights: We find that biochar plus fertilizer has synergistic and positive effects on seedling growth and robustness, but slightly lowers early seedling survival. Biochar plus fertilizer has the potential to greatly decrease costs associated with afforestation as compared to traditional fertilization and gives better results. Background and Objectives: Biochar can improve soil fertility and plant yield in crops. However, there is little information regarding the effects of biochar on trees, even though reforestation/afforestation projects are increasing and are often unsuccessful due to soil fertility limitations. This study aims to increase knowledge of biochar use as a reforestation tool. Materials and Methods: We measured survival and growth in an early ((Guazuma crinita Mart. [n = 240])) and a late (Terminalia amazonia (J.F. Gmel.) Exell. [n = 240]) successional species under 6 different biochar treatments in a 6-month nursery experiment. Results: (i) Survival was highest in the 1 t/ha biochar treatment, while treatments containing fertilizers or biochar at 5 t/ha lowered the survival rate of both species compared to the control; (ii) simultaneous addition of biochar and fertilizer lead to significant increases in height, diameter, total number of leaves, and aboveground and belowground biomass of both species as compared to other treatments; (iii) biochar treatment containing 1 t/ha with and without fertilizer showed significantly better results than applications of 5 t/ha; and (iv) Guazuma crinita responded more strongly to treatments containing biochar and fertilizers compared to Terminalia amazonia, which is suggestive of greater synergetic effects of biochar and fertilizer addition on early successional tree species. Conclusions: Applying biochar and fertilizer is synergistic and outperforms any single treatment, as well as the control, in terms of plant performance. This case study suggests that biochar can greatly improve reforestation/afforestation projects by increasing plant performance while substantially reducing fertilizer and labor maintenance costs. Field experiments and testing of additional species is needed to generalize the findings.

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“…However, increasing thermal decomposition during the pyrolytic process increased the levels of fixed carbon and ash in the OMSW-derived BC. Several other researchers have reported that the pyrolysis temperature is considered one of the main factors determining BC properties, and thus, the effects of its application in the environment [20, 21, 38]. In their studies, the levels of fixed carbon, ash, and basicity increased with increasing temperature of the pyrolytic process, whereas yield and volatile matter of BCs tended to decrease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the source of biomass and the pyrolysis conditions are considered the main factors determining the biochar properties, and thus, the effects of its application in the environment [20, 21]. On the other hand, selection of suitable and low-cost feedstock is of critical importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, selection of suitable and low-cost feedstock is of critical importance. Various types of feedstock, such as wood, grass, manure, sludge, paper, and industrial organic wastes, have been used for biochar production [11, 21, 22]. Among the various wastes generated in the environment, solid olive-derived waste might be applied as a potential low-cost feedstock that can be recycled into biochar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential short-term negative versus positive effects of olive mill-derived biochar on nutrient availability in a calcareous loamy sandy soil

Alazzaz

Usman

Ahmad

et al. 2020

Preprint

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36In this study, a greenhouse pot experiment with maize (Zea mays L.) was conducted using treatments 37 consisting of a control (CK), inorganic fertilizer of NPK (INF), and 1% and 3% (wt/wt) of olive mill solid 38 waste (OMSW)-derived biochar (BC) at various pyrolytic temperatures (300-700 °C). The goal was to 39 investigate potential negative versus positive effects of BC on pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and 40 nutrient (P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) availability in a calcareous loamy sandy soil. The results 41 showed that application of OMSW-derived BC, especially with increasing pyrolysis temperature and/or 42 application rate, significantly increased soil pH, EC, NH 4 OAc-extractable K, Na, Ca, and Mg, and 43 ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA)-extractable Fe and Zn, while 44 AB-DTPA-extractable Mn decreased. The application of 1% and 3% BC, respectively, increased the 45 NH4OAc-extractable K by 2.5 and 5.2-fold for BC300, by 3.2 and 8.0-fold for BC500, and by 3.3 and 46 8.9-fold for BC700 compared with that of untreated soil. The results also showed significant increases in 47 shoot content of K, Na, and Zn, while there were significant decreases in shoot content of P, Ca, Mg, and 48 Mn. Furthermore, no significant effects were observed for growth of maize plants as a result of biochar 49 BC addition. In conclusion, OMSW-derived BC can potentially have positive effects on the enhancement 50 of soil K availability and its plant content but it reduced shoot nutrients, specifically P, Ca, Mg, and Mn; 51 therefore, application of OMSW-derived BC to calcareous soil might be restricted. 52

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Predicting biochar properties and functions based on feedstock and pyrolysis temperature: A review and data syntheses

Cited by 294 publications

References 47 publications

Adsorption characteristics and mechanism of p-nitrophenol by pine sawdust biochar samples produced at different pyrolysis temperatures

Adsorption characteristics and mechanism of p-nitrophenol by pine sawdust biochar samples produced at different pyrolysis temperatures

Biochar Effects on Two Tropical Tree Species and Its Potential as a Tool for Reforestation

Potential short-term negative versus positive effects of olive mill-derived biochar on nutrient availability in a calcareous loamy sandy soil

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