Predicting chlorine demand by peracetic acid in drinking water treatment

Chen, Tianyi; Cevallos, Domenica; Hurtado, Alonso; Mackey, Erin; Wang, Chengjin; Hofmann, Ron

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2023.120361

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A recent study by Chen et al showed that PAA reacts with chlorine much more slowly with its chlorine demand likely to be minimal over the course of several days (<20% loss in chlorine). 9…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11 Assuming 15% (w/w) of PAA and 25% (w/w) acetic acid in the peracetic acid solution, 1 mg L −1 of peracetic acid (as chemical) would result in 1.6 mg L −1 of acetate, which is equivalent to 640 μg acetate-C per L AOC (Chen et al , 2023). 9 For context, the typical range of AOC values in raw (untreated) and treated drinking water is 100–500 μg acetate-C per L. 11,12 Previous findings have reported that conventional multimedia filters (non-biological) have demonstrated notable reductions in AOC. 13 Therefore, the influence, if any, of acetic acid on the subsequent regrowth remains uncertain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peracetic acid to reduce disinfection by-product formation in drinking water

Mondal,

Mackey,

Hofmann

2024

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…A recent study by Chen et al showed that PAA reacts with chlorine much more slowly with its chlorine demand likely to be minimal over the course of several days (<20% loss in chlorine). 9…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peracetic acid to reduce disinfection by-product formation in drinking water

Mondal,

Mackey,

Hofmann

2024

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…Understanding the limitations of existing disinfection methods can realize an improvement in inactivating bacteria. Conventional drinking water treatment commonly employs a single disinfection method, such as ultraviolet (UV 254 ) [21], chlorination [22], persulfate (PDS) [23], and peracetic acid (PAA) [24]. Chlorine-based disinfectants exert oxidative stress on bacterial cells by disrupting their cell walls and membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combination of UV and Disinfectant for Inactivating Viable but Nonculturable State Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Efficiency and Mechanisms

Zhao,

Zhu,

Tao

et al. 2024

Water

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Conventional disinfection techniques, relying on a single disinfection step, often fail to directly eliminate microorganisms, instead causing them to enter a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state. However, microorganisms in the VBNC state retain metabolic activity and can reactivate under suitable conditions, representing a “hidden source of contamination” that threatens drinking water safety. This study fundamentally assessed the feasibility of combined disinfection methods by integrating UV254 with disinfectant (NaClO, PAA, and PDS) for inactivating Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), an opportunistic pathogen that has been widely detected in water supply systems. The number of culturable cells was determined using the heterotrophic plate counting (HPC) method, and the number of VBNC cells was quantified using our recently developed qPCR approach. Quantitative analyses showed that combined disinfection methods can effectively reduce both culturable and VBNC cells by several orders of magnitude compared to a single disinfection step. Notably, VBNC P. aeruginosa, after 30 min of UV/NaCIO treatment, was below the detection limit (3.191 log CFU/mL) of PMA-qPCR. The reactivation experiment also confirmed that VBNC P. aeruginosa did not reactivate for 16 h after 30 min of UV/NaClO treatment under controlled laboratory conditions. The higher disinfection capacity of combined methods can be attributed to the generation of reactive radicals. This study highlighted combined disinfection as a promising approach for the inactivation of bacteria in the VBNC state, yet further studies are needed before an application can be considered for minimizing VBNC reactivation in city utility water processing or high-risk building water distribution systems.

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Singlet oxygen is also involved in the formation of hypoiodous acid during the transformation of phenolic pollutants by peracetic acid in the presence of iodide

Mai,

Zeng,

et al. 2023

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Predicting chlorine demand by peracetic acid in drinking water treatment

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Peracetic acid to reduce disinfection by-product formation in drinking water

Peracetic acid to reduce disinfection by-product formation in drinking water

A Combination of UV and Disinfectant for Inactivating Viable but Nonculturable State Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Efficiency and Mechanisms

Singlet oxygen is also involved in the formation of hypoiodous acid during the transformation of phenolic pollutants by peracetic acid in the presence of iodide

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