Predicting exposure to and liking of media violence: a uses and gratifications approach

I Am What I Watch: Voyeurism, Sensation Seeking, and Television Viewing Patterns

“…The pattern of the results in the present study are clear and consistent: female viewers scored higher on the voyeurism scale and reported less viewing of animated satire, but more viewing of reality TV programs, night-time soaps, and situation comedies. These results support previous findings by Greene and Krcmar (2005) that those who scored higher on expressive androgyny watch less violent and action oriented programs.…”

“…The differences in viewing preferences are consistent with gender stereotypes, with men more likely to prefer programs that are action oriented such as animated sitcoms, and women more likely to prefer reality TV programs, night-time soaps, and situation comedies (e.g., Krcmar & Greene, 1999;Tiggemann, 2005). This is consistent with findings by Greene and Krcmar (2005) that people who score higher on instrumental androgyny scale watch more violent programs.…”

“…Anderson and Dill (2000) demonstrated that gender is a strong predictor of the amount of media consumption. Similarly, Greene and Krcmar (2005), in their study of exposure to media violence, found that respondents' sex predicts exposure to specific shows and programs, such as violent programs. In addition, Nabi et al (2003) reported that men were more entertained by reality-based programming than were women.…”

Television program avoidance and personality

“…Not only have several studies proven that sensation seeking is an important predictor of TV viewing motives and behavior (e. g., Greene and Krcmar, 2005;Johnston, 1995;Krcmar and Greene, 1999;Perse, 1996;Slater, 2003), they have also demonstrated its close relation to the basic dimensions of personality (e. g., Aluja, García and García, 2003;Andresen, 2003;Zuckerman and Kuhlman, 2000). It thus seems necessary to include sensation seeking in any analysis of personality's influence on TV program avoidance.…”

“…Despite the use of highly differing and at times psychometrically insufficient operationalizations, research is largely unanimous in showing that sensation-seekers look for stimulation and thrilling entertain- ment and therefore prefer stimulating programs: They use TV in a relatively ritualistic manner (Burst, 1999;Conway and Rubin, 1991;Perse, 1996). They also favor high-arousal films (Banerjee et al, 2008), action and adventure programs (e. g., Burst, 1999;Krcmar and Greene, 1999;Perse, 1996), music programs (Perse, 1996;Potts et al, 1996), horror (Greene and Krcmar, 2005;Johnston, 1995;Zuckerman, 1996), erotic films (Bogaert, 2001;Burst, 1999;Zuckerman and Litle, 1986), violent films (Aluja-Fabregat, 2000;Slater, 2003) and daily talk shows and comedy (Potts et al, 1996). Moreover, sensation-seekers watch fewer information-based programs or shows, and change channels more often (Jandura and Schalm, 2001;Perse, 1996;Rowland et al, 1989).…”