“…For example, the reported FE-based models did not consider the effect of the amount of supplied oil (Shi and Salant, 2000;Shi and Paranjpe, 2002;Habchi, 2008;Tan et al, 2012;Habchi and Issa, 2013;Lohner et al, 2016;Habchi and Issa, 2017). For FD-based models, researchers did not address the contact of components with geometrically complex features, such as gears with inclusions and rough surfaces (Pu et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2020). Therefore, Chapter 1.…”