“…GS has been successfully applied in genetic breeding of both animals and plants, including bovine (e.g., Meuwissen et al, 2001;de Roos et al, 2007;Hayes et al, 2010), mouse (Legarra et al, 2008), wheat (e.g., Crossa et al, 2007;Pérez et al, 2010;Ober et al, 2011), and maize (Messina et al, 2011). In addition, many statistical models have been developed to analyze the different types of genetic and trait data from GS, such as best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP), stepwise regression, ridge regression (RR), and Bayesian estimation (Bayes A or B) (e.g., Messina et al, 2001;Lee et al, 2008;de los Campos et al, 2009;Luan et al, 2009;Hayes et al, 2010;Pérez et al, 2010;Crossa et al, 2010;Macciotta et al, 2010;Schulz-Streeck and Piepho, 2010;Zhang et al, 2010;Ober et al, 2011). These statistical models are used for training the GS models with a training population, and predicting which GEBVs will have significantly improved polygenic traits controlled by many loci of small effect (e.g., Solberg et al, 2008;Rafalski, 2010).…”