Predicting Induced Radioactivity at High-Energy Electron Accelerators

Fassó, A.; Silari, M.; Ulrici, L.

doi:10.1080/00223131.2000.10875006

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The latter can be estimated using Patterson's formula: Φ th ≈ 1.25×Q/S, where Q is the source strength of fast neutrons and S is the surface over which they are thermalized (20) . An excellent overview of methods used to predict induced activity specifically at high-energy electron machines, including new advances in application of Monte Carlo simulations in this area, can be found in a recent work by Fassò et al (21) . Rokni at al (22) recently irradiated a number of materials in stray fields from a 28.5 GeV electron beam and compared their experimental results with calculations using the FLUKA (23) MonteCarlo code.…”

Section: Induced Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Protection at High Energy Electron Accelerators

Vylet¹,

Liu²

2001

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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This work presents an overview of radiation protection at high-energy electron accelerator facilities. By "high-energy" we mean the energy domain beyond few tens of MeV, where electromagnetic showers are the determining and dominant factor in beam interactions with matter. We describe basic components of electron accelerators and their potential impact on radiation safety. We then concentrate mainly on sources of prompt radiation which distinguish these machines from other accelerator facilities. In other areas we only mention details relevant to electron machines. More comprehensive description of these aspects, such as shielding or safety systems, can be found elsewhere in this issue. General concepts presented in this review are complemented and illustrated by more specific examples in our follow-up work in this issue (1) .

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Section: Induced Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Protection at High Energy Electron Accelerators

Vylet¹,

Liu²

2001

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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“…A more detailed and reliable method to predict induced radioactivity for a high-energy electron accelerator is therefore desirable and also essential in order to make a reasonable environmental impact assessment or decommissioning plan. The FLUKA Monte Carlo code Battistoni et al 2007) provides users a valuable tool to assess these issues relevant to induced with radioactivity (Fasso et al 2000). FLUKA is not only a particle transport and interaction Monte Carlo code, but also, with recent development, an integrated code for the buildup and decay of produced radioisotopes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Induced Radioactivity for the Accelerator Operations at the Taiwan Photon Source

Sheu¹,

Jiang²

2010

Health Physics

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This study investigates the characteristics of induced radioactivity due to the operations of a 3-GeV electron accelerator at the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). According to the beam loss analysis, the authors set two representative irradiation conditions for the activation analysis. The FLUKA Monte Carlo code has been used to predict the isotope inventories, residual activities, and remanent dose rates as a function of time. The calculation model itself is simple but conservative for the evaluation of induced radioactivity in a light source facility. This study highlights the importance of beam loss scenarios and demonstrates the great advantage of using FLUKA in comparing the predicted radioactivity with corresponding regulatory limits. The calculated results lead to the conclusion that, due to fairly low electron consumption, the radioactivity induced in the accelerator components and surrounding concrete walls of the TPS is rather moderate and manageable, while the possible activation of air and cooling water in the tunnel and their environmental releases are negligible.

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“…The experimental results obtained in 1997 and 1998 were compared with detailed Monte-Carlo simulations of the experimental set-up performed with the FLUKA code (8,9) . Two approaches were used: 1) direct scoring of the radionuclide yield by the RESNUCLE option of FLUKA and 2) scoring of photon track-length and folding with crosssection data.…”

Section: Induced Activity From Localised Beam Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tritium cannot be determined experimentally by γ-spectrometry and the prediction by Monte-Carlo calculations is not straightforward as discussed in ref. (9). The values of specific activity were thus estimated from the experimental data of 7 Be via the ratio of their inelastic cross-sections, which are a factor of 3 to 5 times higher for tritium depending on the material in which this radionuclide is formed.…”

Section: Induced Activity From Localised Beam Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Activity Calculations in View of the Large Electron Positron Collider Decommissioning

Fassó¹

1999

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The future installation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in the tunnel presently housing the Large Electron Positron collider (LEP) requires the dismantling of the latter after more than 10 years of operation. The decommissioning of an accelerator facility leads to the production of large amounts of waste, which in the case of an electron accelerator mostly is of very low level of radioactivity. LEP is classified as Nuclear Basic Installation (Installation Nucléaire de Base, INB) in France, where no unconditional clearance levels are fixed for the specific activity in materials to be released into the public domain. In the case of LEP, the possible sources of induced activity taken here into account are: localised beam losses, distributed beam losses and synchrotron radiation. Reference values of induced specifi c activity at saturation, normalised to lost beam power, were determined by comparing Monte-Carlo calculations carried out with the FLUKA code and experimental results. These figures are directly employed to estimate the expected amount of low level radioactivity around localised beam loss points in LEP. Regarding the synchrotron radiation, calculations of the total production of radionuclides from photon, thermal neutron and fast neutron activation in the aluminium vacuum chamber, the lead shielding and the magnet pole-faces of a dipole, showed that at beam energies less than 105 GeV, none of the components will be considered as radioactive for decay periods of longer then ten days.

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Predicting Induced Radioactivity at High-Energy Electron Accelerators

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Radiation Protection at High Energy Electron Accelerators

Radiation Protection at High Energy Electron Accelerators

Predicting Induced Radioactivity for the Accelerator Operations at the Taiwan Photon Source

Induced Activity Calculations in View of the Large Electron Positron Collider Decommissioning

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