Predicting Optimal Time of Insemination in Cows that Show Visual Signs of Estrus by Estimating Onset of Estrus with Pedometers

Maatje, K.; Loeffler, S.H.; Engel, B.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)76035-1

Cited by 95 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A previous study indicated that the optimal timing of insemination is 7 to 24 h before ovulation and that the best conception rate occurs when insemination takes place between 13 and 18 h before ovulation [19]. The results of recent studies showing detection of estrus in lactating cows using a pedometry system are in agreement with this previous study [20,21]. Insemination from a few hours to 20 h after pedometer estrus might produce a satisfactory pregnancy rate, at least for healthy heifers wearing leg pedometers under the paddock rearing conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Reliability of Estrous Detection in Holstein Heifers Using a Radiotelemetric Pedometer Located on the Neck or Legs Under Different Rearing Conditions

Sakaguchi

Fujiki

Yabuuchi

et al. 2007

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. To evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of estrous detection using a new pedometry system that can measure the hourly activity of cattle, pedometers were attached to the neck and the hind legs of 15 Holstein heifers. Heifers were reared in pasture for grazing, an open paddock, or in a tie-stall barn (an additional pedometer was attached to a front leg of each of these heifers). The most recent 24 h-total number of steps was compared for each 1 h-interval with the mean value of the preceding days during the reference period (RP). The neck pedometer detected all 10 instances of estrous activity (100%) for the grazing heifers at 1.3 times the thresholds value for a 5-day RP but with only 32% accuracy. The hind leg pedometer, however, obtained 100% efficiency and 83% accuracy at 1.4 times the threshold value for a 7-day RP. The efficiencies and accuracies in detecting 12 instances of estrous activity under the paddock condition were 92 and 65% (neck, 1.3-fold, 7-day RP) and 92 and 100% (hind leg, 1.6-or 1.7-fold, 7-day RP), respectively. Under the tie stall condition, the neck pedometers detected 92% of 23 instances of estrous activity with 34% accuracy (1.2-fold, 3-day RP), and the efficiencies and accuracies of the leg pedometers were 78 and 78% (hind leg, 1.4-fold, 4-or 6-day RP) and 87 and 83% (front leg, 1.4-fold, 7-day RP), respectively. Prediction of ovulation time was more precisely with the leg pedometers than with those under the tie stall conditions. Our preliminary results indicate that this new pedometer system has practical value for estrous detection in heifers under different rearing conditions, which affect the criteria required for detection. Furthermore, they also indicate that a leg pedometer can reliably detect estrus and that a neck pedometer may only be capable of detecting estrus under paddock rearing conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Reliability of Estrous Detection in Holstein Heifers Using a Radiotelemetric Pedometer Located on the Neck or Legs Under Different Rearing Conditions

Sakaguchi

Fujiki

Yabuuchi

et al. 2007

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Section: Effect Of Estrus Duration and Time Of Ai On The Rate Of Concsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In this study, when cows were inseminated 8-12 h after the onset of the estrus, the conception rate was higher than that of cows inseminated at other times (P<0.05). Maatje et al [16] reported that the chance of conception was the highest between 6 and 17 h after increased pedometer activity; the estimated optimum was at 11.8 h. Our results were similar to the results of their study because the average AI time after the onset of estrus in pregnant cows was 12.0 h.In conclusion, these results suggest that in the cows studied here, the postpartum BCS was remarkably low and that the functional recovery of reproduction was consequently delayed. Moreover, the results indicate that the estrus duration varied among individual cows.…”

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confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Reproductive Performance in High Milk-producing Holstein Cows

2010

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Abstract. Although the number of dairy farms is decreasing, that of large farms is increasing in Japan. Milk production in Japanese dairy cows has increased from 62 kg/ year to 88 kg/ year over the last 2 decades. However, Japanese dairy cows are experiencing a sustained decline in reproductive performance, calving intervals, and days open; further, the number of inseminations required for conception have increased, and the conception rate has decreased. In order to improve fertility in high milk-producing dairy cows, it is necessary to evaluate their reproductive characteristics. In this study, the postpartum body condition score (BCS) was remarkably low, and the functional recovery of reproduction was consequently delayed. Moreover, the results indicate that the estrus duration varies among individual cows. However, it is possible to improve the conception rate by inseminating cows 8-12 h after the onset of estrus. Reproductive management systems suitable for the current dairy farming system with large herd sizes are required. Key words: Artificial insemination, Body condition score, Conception rate, Dairy cows, Reproduction (J. Reprod. Dev. 56: S61-S65, 2010) lthough milk production per dairy cow has dramatically increased over the last 2 decades, the reproductive performance of dairy cows has declined worldwide [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The cause of this low reproductive performance may vary considerably across countries and is probably multifactorial. The factors that contribute to the decrease in the reproductive performance of dairy cows are increase in milk production per cow, concrete flooring, confined housing, and increase in herd size.According to the latest livestock statistics reported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, in July 7, 2009 (http:// www.maff.go.jp/toukei/sokuhou/data/siyou_doukou09/ siyou_doukou09.pdf), the total number of dairy farms in Japan is 22,300. This number is decreasing; however, the number of farms with more than 100 cows (aged above 24 months) is increasing, and this number is 1,860 (8.3%). The number of dairy farms with more than 300 cows is 173. This trend in the increase in herd size in Japan is the same as that in other countries such as the USA [2].According to data presented by the Livestock Improvement Association of Japan (http://liaj.lin.gr.jp/japanese/kentei/ kentei.html), over the last 2 decades, milk production (305 d) in Japanese dairy cows has increased by approximately 62 kg/year in Hokkaido and 88 kg/year all over Japan, except in Hokkaido (Fig. 1). This trend in the increase in milk production in Japan is the same as that in other countries [2,4]. However, a sustained decline in reproductive performance has been observed in Japanese dairy herds (Table 1) The Hokkaido Artificial Insemination Technician Association Inc. conducts annual surveys and reports the conception rates at the first artificial insemination (AI) in dairy cattle in the Hokkaido district. The conception rate in dairy cows was found to decrease from 53.4% in 1989 to 41.2% ...

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“…Therefore, these values are similar to the present results in Japanese Black cows: the ovulation time was 30.2 ± 0.6 h after the onset of pedometer estrus. Predicting ovulation time is useful for determining the optimal time of insemination for cows [4,7,18]. Our findings indicate that it is possible to predict ovulation time using the radiotelemetric pedometer (Experiment 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effectiveness of a Real-time Radiotelemetric Pedometer for Estrus Detection and Insemination in Japanese Black Cows

Yoshioka

Ito

Tanimoto

2010

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of estrus detection and determination of the time of ovulation in Japanese Black cows by a real-time radiotelemetric pedometer. A herd of Japanese Black cows was housed in a loose-housing barn. This pedometer system and a pressure-sensing radiotelemetric device, which detects standing events, were concurrently compared in regard to their availability for detection of estrus events. Pedometer estrus and standing events were observed for all cows (n=20), and the duration of increased walking activity was 15.8 ± 0.9 h, which was longer (P<0.0001) than the duration of standing events (9.0 ± 1.3 h). Ovulation was observed 30.2 ± 0.6 h after the onset of pedometer estrus and 29.0 ± 0.6 h after the first standing event. There was a high correlation (r=0.89, P<0.0001) between the intervals from the onset of pedometer estrus and onset of standing event to ovulation. The animals of the pedometric group (n=20) were inseminated 10 to 18 h after the onset of pedometer estrus and had a higher conception rate (90.0%, P<0.05) than those inseminated according to the a.m. /p.m. method (58.4%, n=24). In conclusion, the pedometer system is an excellent tool for precise estrus detection and insemination at the appropriate time, which ensure a high pregnancy rate in Japanese Black cows.

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Predicting Optimal Time of Insemination in Cows that Show Visual Signs of Estrus by Estimating Onset of Estrus with Pedometers

Cited by 95 publications

References 19 publications

Reliability of Estrous Detection in Holstein Heifers Using a Radiotelemetric Pedometer Located on the Neck or Legs Under Different Rearing Conditions

Reliability of Estrous Detection in Holstein Heifers Using a Radiotelemetric Pedometer Located on the Neck or Legs Under Different Rearing Conditions

Factors Affecting Reproductive Performance in High Milk-producing Holstein Cows

Effectiveness of a Real-time Radiotelemetric Pedometer for Estrus Detection and Insemination in Japanese Black Cows

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