Predicting potential cambium damage and fire resistance in Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii

Espinosa, Juncal; Rivera, Óscar Rodríguez de; Madrigal, Javier; Guijarro, Mercedes; Hernando, Carmen

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118372

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In the present study, the PB was of low-intensity (the typical type of burning conducted in these Pinus nigra stands). The bark thickness was therefore probably sufficiently thick to protect trees against thermal damage (even the minimum values measured) [64], thus guaranteeing supply of water and nutrients to the needles (and preventing premature fall). The thick bark of Pinus nigra is considered an adaptation to surface fire [21,65], and this species can persist after being affected by surface fires during several centuries [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Use of Bayesian Modeling to Determine the Effects of Meteorological Conditions, Prescribed Burn Season, and Tree Characteristics on Litterfall of Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster Stands

Espinosa

Rivera

Madrigal

et al. 2020

Forests

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Research Highlights: Litterfall biomass after prescribed burning (PB) is significantly influenced by meteorological variables, stand characteristics, and the fire prescription. Some of the fire-adaptive traits of the species under study (Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster) mitigate the effects of PB on litterfall biomass. The Bayesian approach, tested here for the first time, was shown to be useful for analyzing the complex combination of variables influencing the effect of PB on litterfall. Background and Objectives: The aims of the study focused on explaining the influence of meteorological conditions after PB on litterfall biomass, to explore the potential influence of stand characteristic and tree traits that influence fire protection, and to assess the influence of fire prescription and fire behavior. Materials and Methods: An experimental factorial design including three treatments (control, spring, and autumn burning), each with three replicates, was established at two experimental sites (N = 18; 50 × 50 m2 plots). The methodology of the International Co-operative Program on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP forests) was applied and a Bayesian approach was used to construct a generalized linear mixed model. Results: Litterfall was mainly affected by the meteorological variables and also by the type of stand and the treatment. The effects of minimum bark thickness and the height of the first live branch were random. The maximum scorch height was not high enough to affect the litterfall. Time during which the temperature exceeded 60 °C (cambium and bark) did not have an important effect. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that meteorological conditions were the most significant variables affecting litterfall biomass, with snowy and stormy days having important effects. Significant effects of stand characteristics (mixed and pure stand) and fire prescription regime (spring and autumn PB) were shown. The trees were completely protected by a combination of low-intensity PB and fire-adaptive tree traits, which prevent direct and indirect effects on litterfall. Identification of important variables can help to improve PB and reduce the vulnerability of stands managed by this method.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Use of Bayesian Modeling to Determine the Effects of Meteorological Conditions, Prescribed Burn Season, and Tree Characteristics on Litterfall of Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster Stands

Espinosa

Rivera

Madrigal

et al. 2020

Forests

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“…When assessing such insulating properties of the bark, heat from an external heat source is applied while the bark is intact in the log or standing tree. Subsequently, heat insulation of the bark is quantified by measuring the time required for heat to transfer through the bark towards the vascular cambium potentially raising the cambium temperature to 60 • C [6,12,20,21,29,30]. However, when assessing the thermal damage to cambium cells, instead of only measuring the heat residence time for which the cambium was exposed to 60 • C, the heat residence time of cambium exposure to temperatures above >40 • C should also be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the results of this study will provide rich opportunities for future studies to compare the effect of different bark types of Eucalyptus species on tree mortality following fire. Ultimately, this revised knowledge of the heat tolerance regime of Eucalyptus may assist land managers in a practical way to maintain a non-lethal maximum fire intensity during prescribed and regeneration burning to ensure tree survival [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The traditional methodology for determining cell death following heat exposure has been to define a critical temperature at which cells lose viability, which in most of the previous studies has been demonstrated at 60 • C [9][10][11][12], including for Eucalyptus species [13]. However, while the 60 • C critical temperature may be useful in predicting cell death, several studies have emphasized that duration of heat exposure also plays a key role in determining the magnitude of heat damage to the cells [14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Temperature and Exposure Time on Cambium Cell Viability In Vitro for Eucalyptus Species

Achchige

Volkova

Weston

2021

Forests

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(1) Research Highlights: Thermal damage to cambium cells of Eucalyptus held in vitro was recorded at sublethal temperatures (40 °C–50 °C) when the duration of exposure extends beyond 2.5 min up to 5 min. (2) Background and Objectives: During a forest fire, heat can be transferred through tree bark potentially impacting viability of vascular cambium cells and the perennial growth of the tree. With the increased temperature of the cambium, cells are known to lose viability at temperatures exceeding 60 °C. However, it is possible that extended exposure to temperatures below 60 °C may also impair cell viability. This study aimed to identify the effect of the temperature and exposure time interaction on the cambium cell viability of Eucalyptus, a genus widely distributed in natural forests and commercial plantations globally. (3) Methods: Excised cambium-phloem tissue sections from three Eucalyptus species (Messmate–E. obliqua L’Hér., Narrow-leaf peppermint–E. radiata Sieber ex DC. and Swamp gum–E. ovata Labill.) were exposed in vitro to a series of temperature–time treatments (40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C for 1 min, 2.5 min, and 5 min) and tested for cell viability using a tetrazolium reduction method. (4) Results: Cell viability of cambium cells decreased with increased temperature and exposure times for all three Eucalyptus species. Longer exposure to sublethal temperatures of 40 °C to 50 °C showed statistically similar results to shorter exposure to lethal temperatures (>50 °C). (5) Conclusions: Longer exposure to sublethal temperatures (40 °C–50 °C) caused irreversible thermal damage to cambium cells of Eucalyptus when tested in vitro, further refining our understanding of raised temperature on cell viability.

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“…Moreover, in order to achieve the management objectives of PB, the burn window must be applied to reach the desired outcomes regarding fire behavior and the associated impacts. The maximum scorch height and time of exposure to a critical temperature of 60 • C in the cambium area [33] were used in the present study as proxies for damage to the cambium and severity of burning at the tree level [34,35]. As far as we are aware, this is the first time that these variables have been included together in tree growth models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree Growth Response to Low-Intensity Prescribed Burning in Pinus nigra Stands: Effects of Burn Season and Fire Severity

Espinosa¹,

Rivera

Hernando³

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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The study of the short-term post-burn tree growth in a mixed stand of Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster and in a pure stand of P. nigra in the Cuenca Mountains (Spain) will enable us to determine the disturbance of prescribed burning conducted in two seasons. Dendrochronological methods and mixed modelling were used to investigate whether tree growth responses are influenced by stand and tree characteristics, fire season and fire severity variables. The findings revealed that prescribed burning scarcely affected tree growth. The type of stand (mixed or pure) was not critical for tree growth. The individual tree characteristics were significant factors in all the scenarios studied. The inclusion of some fire severity variables for the first time in tree growth models showed that the maximum scorch height determined a main part of the variability of tree growth. The time during which the temperature was above 60 °C in the cambium region and temperature was above 300 °C in the bark surface were only significant factors after spring burnings. The litterfall one year after the prescribed burning was not a significant factor in any of the models. Overall, the findings confirm the characteristic resistance of P. nigra to surface fires and favor the potential application of prescribed burning programs for this species in the Mediterranean Basin.

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Predicting potential cambium damage and fire resistance in Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Use of Bayesian Modeling to Determine the Effects of Meteorological Conditions, Prescribed Burn Season, and Tree Characteristics on Litterfall of Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster Stands

Use of Bayesian Modeling to Determine the Effects of Meteorological Conditions, Prescribed Burn Season, and Tree Characteristics on Litterfall of Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster Stands

Effect of Temperature and Exposure Time on Cambium Cell Viability In Vitro for Eucalyptus Species

Tree Growth Response to Low-Intensity Prescribed Burning in Pinus nigra Stands: Effects of Burn Season and Fire Severity

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