Predicting Sanding Potential Using Empirical Method in “Ebendo” Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Abstract

Sand formations represent a large fraction of oil and/or gas reservoirs in the world, hence it becomes imperative to determine the competency of the reservoirs to produce sand-free hydrocarbon. This informed the empirical technique adopted in this study to evaluate elastic parameters such as shear modulus (G), bulk compressibility (Cb), shear modulus to bulk compressibility (G/Cb) ratio and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) to determine sand influx in the “Ebendo” Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria. To achieve this goal, seven (7) hydrocarbon-bearing sand units with thicknesses ranging from 12.51 to 48.63 m were identified at depth range of 1884.79 - 3350.15 m across the four (4) wells. These elastic parameters were estimated at the interval of interest. The range of values obtained for G/Cb ratio in EBD (01 and 02) is 1.49 × 1012 - 5.40 × 1012 psi2 while the range of values for G/Cb ratio in EBD (04 and 06) is 0.06 × 1012 - 0.41 × 1012 psi2. This result suggests that EBD (01 and 02) have no potential to sanding while EBD (04 and 06) have a high probability of sanding when compared to the threshold value of 0.8 × 1012 psi2. The production history of the “Ebendo” Field also correlates with the findings of this study. The low values of UCS in EBD (04 and 06) also agrees with the observation. Thus, this study has shown the efficacy of using empirical method as a quick approach to predicting sand production in the “Ebendo” Field and this technique could be used in other fields with similar geological setting.

Predicting Onset of Sand Production in Oil Wells using Machine Learning

“…The findings of this study shows the relationship between the geomechanical parameters -Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, minimum and maximum horizontal stresses, depth, overburden pressure, pore pressure, fraction gradient and formation strength and sand production in oil wells. This agrees with works of Ajayi et al [25] and Lawson-Jack [26] that shows the effectiveness of using geomechanical properties to predict sand production, and therefore, highlights their crucial role in determining the onset of this phenomenon. The pronounced correlation observed for Young's modulus (Fig.…”