Predicting substance abuse among youth with, or at high risk for, HIV.

Huba, G. J.; Melchior, Lisa A.; Greenberg, Brian; Trevithick, Lee; Feudo, Rudy; Tierney, Steven; Sturdevant, Marsha; Hodgins, Antigone; Remafedi, Gary; Woods, Elizabeth R.; Wallace, Michael B.; Schneir, Arlene; Kawata, Ariane K.; Brady, Russell E.; Singer, Barney; Marconi, Katherine; Wright, Eric R.; Panter, A. T.

doi:10.1037/0893-164x.14.2.197

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In one study, for example, it was demonstrated that the odds of experiencing a violent act, including being beaten, witnessing a shooting or stabbing or thinking of hurting someone else, are 2 to 3 higher for street-based youth than other youth (Irwin et al, 1996). Furthermore, the probability that street-youth will experience violence likely increases in accordance with the amount of time spent on the street (Huba and Melchior, 2000;Fuller et al, 2001), further demonstrating the incredible need for interventions that prevent at-risk youth from either becoming or remaining homeless.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Given the public spaces which homeless youth often spend most of their lives, particularly in urban settings such as downtown Vancouver, this finding is not surprising. Homeless youth, including those in our study, are at-risk for and likely to be subjected to violence, whether they are themselves victimized or are a witness to a violent event (Huba and Melchior, 2000). In one study, for example, it was demonstrated that the odds of experiencing a violent act, including being beaten, witnessing a shooting or stabbing or thinking of hurting someone else, are 2 to 3 higher for street-based youth than other youth (Irwin et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High rates of homelessness among a cohort of street-involved youth

et al. 2009

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Using multivariate logistic regression, we examined the prevalence and correlates of homelessness among youth enrolled in a community-recruited prospective cohort known as the At-Risk Youth Study (ARYS), between September 2005 and October 2006. Of 478 individuals included in this analysis, 132 (27.6%) were female and 120 (25.1%) self-identified as Aboriginal. The median age was 22 (IQR: 20-24). In total, 284 (56.9%) participants reported baseline homelessness, with most living either at no fixed address, on the street, or in a hostel or shelter. Factors associated with homelessness included public injecting, frequent crack use, experienced violence, having less than a high-school education, and not having been in any addiction treatment. Homeless individuals were at-risk for various adverse health outcomes. These findings indicate the need for additional interventions, including residential addiction treatment, to address homelessness and drug use among youth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High rates of homelessness among a cohort of street-involved youth

et al. 2009

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“…Use of alcohol and other drugs increases risk of HIV infection (Amaro et al, 2001;Caetano & Hines, 1995;DeHovitz et al, 1994), partly through association with high-risk sexual behavior such as having multiple sex partners and partners who are themselves at risk for HIV/AIDS (Avins et al, 1994;Malow, Devieux, Jennings, Lucenko, & Kalichman, 2001;Clements, Gleghorn, Garcia, Katz, & Marx, 1997;Edlin et al, 1994;Huba et al, 2000;Martinez et al, 1998;Schilling et al, 1994;Semple, Zians, Grant, & Patterson, 2005;Windle, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sexual Risk among Impoverished Women: Understanding the Role of Housing Status

et al. 2006

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HIV/AIDS increasingly affects women, and housing status is important to understanding HIV risk behaviors among women. The goal of this study is to enhance understanding of the association between housing status and a key sexual risk behavior, having multiple sex partners, by investigating the extent to which housing status differences can be accounted for by hypothesized explanatory factors. In a probability sample of 833 women in Los Angeles, results indicated that homeless African American and Hispanic women had from two to almost five times greater odds than low-income housed women of having multiple sex partners in the past 6 months. These disparities in risk behavior were accounted for by housing status differences in perceived susceptibility to HIV/AIDS, recent victimization by physical violence, drug use severity, and avoidant coping. Findings provide further evidence that interventions should address a multifaceted context of HIV risk for impoverished women.

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“…In one study on urban gay men, for example, multiple and frequent drug use was more likely to be reported by HIV-positive men [3] . HIV infection is also positively correlated with increased drug use among high risk youths [4] . Among injection drug users recruited for substance abuse treatment, HIV infected persons ceased injecting drugs sooner than non-infected users, but were also quicker to subsequent relapse [5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of HIV-1 Infection in Addictive Behavior: A Study of a HIV-1 Transgenic Rat Model

Chang¹,

Vigorito²

2006

American J. of Infectious Diseases

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Epidemiological research indicates that drug abuse is prevalent among individuals infected with HIV-1. Evidence from preclinical research also suggests that drugs of abuse exacerbate the progression of neuropathological changes in the HIV-1 infected brain probably through common mechanisms of neuronal injury. The effects of HIV-1 on the efficacy and abuse potential of controlled drugs such as morphine, however, has not been explored. The current study reports that the noninfectious HIV-1 transgenic (HIV-1 Tg) rat shows up-regulated expression of the mu opioid receptor (MOR) at the transcriptional level and functional supersensitivity to morphine, a MOR agonist. Compared to nontransgenic control rats, the HIV-1 Tg rats also show greater motivation to run in a wheel, a behavior that is known to be associated with increased drug self-administration. These results suggest the potential role of HIV-1 infection in enhancing vulnerability to addiction and this possibility warrants further investigation to better understand the link between HIV-1 infection and the abuse of drugs including opioids.

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Predicting substance abuse among youth with, or at high risk for, HIV.

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

High rates of homelessness among a cohort of street-involved youth

High rates of homelessness among a cohort of street-involved youth

Sexual Risk among Impoverished Women: Understanding the Role of Housing Status

Role of HIV-1 Infection in Addictive Behavior: A Study of a HIV-1 Transgenic Rat Model

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