Predicting Supercell Motion Using a New Hodograph Technique

Bunkers, Matthew J.; Klimowski, Brian A.; Zeitler, Jon W.; Thompson, Richard L.; Weisman, Morris L.

doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2000)015<0061:psmuan>2.0.co;2

Cited by 272 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…where V ⇀ h is the horizontal wind vector, C ⇀ is the storm motion vector estimated by the method of Bunkers et al [2000], and k ⇀ is the unit vector in the vertical direction.…”

Section: Calculation Of Cape and Srehmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward better assessment of tornado potential in typhoons: Significance of considering entrainment effects for CAPE

Sueki

Niino

2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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The characteristics of typhoons that spawned tornadoes (tornadic typhoons: TTs) in Japan from 1991 to 2013 were investigated by composite analysis using the Japanese 55 year Reanalysis and compared with those of typhoons that did not spawn tornadoes (nontornadic typhoons: NTs). We found that convective available potential energy (CAPE), which considers the effects of entrainment (entraining CAPE: E‐CAPE), and storm‐relative environmental helicity (SREH) are significantly large in the northeast quadrant of TTs where tornadoes frequently occur and that E‐CAPE and SREH in that quadrant for TTs are larger than those for NTs. On the other hand, ordinary CAPE without entrainment does not account for the spatial distribution of tornado occurrences nor does it distinguish TTs from NTs. E‐CAPE is sensitive to humidity in the midtroposphere; thus, it is effective for detecting a conditionally unstable layer up to about 550 hPa, which is distinctive of TTs.

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“…where V ⇀ h is the horizontal wind vector, C ⇀ is the storm motion vector estimated by the method of Bunkers et al [2000], and k ⇀ is the unit vector in the vertical direction.…”

Section: Calculation Of Cape and Srehmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward better assessment of tornado potential in typhoons: Significance of considering entrainment effects for CAPE

Sueki

Niino

2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…In this study, SRH is calculated as the integral between 0 and 3 km of the vector product of storm-relative wind vectors. The storm motion itself is calculated via the ID method (Bunkers et al, 2000), which utilizes the following parameters: (i) a 0-6-km non-pressure-weighted mean wind; (ii) a deviation from the mean wind of 7.5 m/s; and (iii) a 5.5-6 km mean wind for the head of the wind shear vector and a 0-0.5 km mean for the tail of the wind shear vector. Because most of the tornado-producing supercells in the US are known to be right-movers (Bunkers, 2002), we chose to calculate the storm-relative helicity for this storm type only.…”

Section: Ecmwf Analysis-synoptic Surrounding and Tornado Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central European tornado environments as viewed from a potential vorticity and Lagrangian perspective

Graf

Sprenger

Moore

2011

Atmospheric Research

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“…Wind speeds on soundings and on range rings of hodographs are in kt. Black squares denote mean wind; open circles with crosses indicate Bunkers et al (2000) estimated right-mover storm motion. band two, with the thermal contours oriented parallel to the band.…”

Section: Fig 8 (Left)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the 3–4 April 1974 Super Outbreak of Tornadoes

Corfidi¹,

Weiss²,

Kain

et al. 2010

Weather and Forecasting

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The Super Outbreak of tornadoes over the central and eastern United States on 3-4 April 1974 remains the most outstanding severe convective weather episode on record in the continental United States. The outbreak far surpassed previous and succeeding events in severity, longevity, and extent. In this paper, surface, upper-air, radar, and satellite data are used to provide an updated synoptic and subsynoptic overview of the event. Emphasis is placed on identifying the major factors that contributed to the development of the three main convective bands associated with the outbreak, and on identifying the conditions that may have contributed to the outstanding number of intense and long-lasting tornadoes. Selected output from a 29-km, 50-layer version of the Eta forecast model, a version similar to that available operationally in the mid-1990s, also is presented to help depict the evolution of thermodynamic stability during the event.

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Predicting Supercell Motion Using a New Hodograph Technique

Cited by 272 publications

References 57 publications

Toward better assessment of tornado potential in typhoons: Significance of considering entrainment effects for CAPE

Toward better assessment of tornado potential in typhoons: Significance of considering entrainment effects for CAPE

Central European tornado environments as viewed from a potential vorticity and Lagrangian perspective

Revisiting the 3–4 April 1974 Super Outbreak of Tornadoes

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