Predicting the degree of reaction of supplementary cementitious materials in cementitious pastes using a pozzolanic test

Ramanathan, Sivakumar; Moon, Hoon; Croly, Michael; Chung, Chul Woo; Suraneni, Prannoy

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.173

Cited by 46 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…After heating to 400 • C, specimens increased by 0.3% (control mix), 4.5% (S1-HSC), 5.2% (S2-HSC), 5.9% (S2-S3-HSC), and 10.4% (S1-S2-S3-HSC), respectively. This could be attributed to the fact that the water result in the decomposition of hydration products lets to rehydrate the anhydrous cement, increases the amount of C-S-H gel and improves the strength of the concrete at 400 • C [12,15,18,20,21,36]. The second stage (400-1000 • C) was characterized by a loss of residual compressive strength of concrete.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Subjected To Elevated Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Concrete Modified with Supplementary Cementitious Materials after Exposure to Elevated Temperature up to 1000 °C

Zhou

Yang

et al. 2020

Materials

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This paper presents the experimental findings of a study on the influence of combining usage of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the performance of high-strength concrete (HSC) subjected to elevated temperatures. In this study, four types of HSC formulations were prepared: HSC made from cement and fly ash (FA), HSC made from cement and ultra-fine fly ash (UFFA), HSC made from cement and UFFA-metakaolin (MK), and HSC made from cement and FA-UFFA-MK. Mechanical and physical properties of HSC subjected to high temperatures (400, 600, 800, and 1000 °C) were studied. Furthermore, the relation between residual compressive strength and physical properties (loss mass, water absorption, and porosity) of HSC was developed. Results showed that the combined usage of SCMs had limited influence on the early-age strength of HSC, while the 28-d strength had been significantly affected. At 1000 °C, the residual compressive strength retained 18.7 MPa and 23.9 MPa for concretes containing 30% UFFA-5% MK and 10% FA-20% UFFA-5% MK, respectively. The specimen containing FA-UFFA-MK showed the best physical properties when the temperature raised above 600 °C. Combined usage of SCMs (10% FA-20% UFFA-5% MK) showed the lowest mass loss (9.2%), water absorption (10.9%) and porosity (28.6%) at 1000 °C. There was a strongly correlated relation between residual strength and physical properties of HSC exposed to elevated temperatures.

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Section: Mechanical Properties Subjected To Elevated Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Concrete Modified with Supplementary Cementitious Materials after Exposure to Elevated Temperature up to 1000 °C

Zhou

Yang

et al. 2020

Materials

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“…They used the same calorimetric test, but the best correlation between 28d compressive strength and heat development was reach for 3 and 7 d of calorimetric measures. Other studies used a similar test design to determine hydraulic or pozzolanic properties of different materials, including GGBS [26][27][28]. However, it was never attempted to use the R3 test to rank different GGBS according to their early age reactivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ability of the R3 test to evaluate differences in early age reactivity of 16 industrial ground granulated blast furnace slags (GGBS)

Blotevogel¹,

Ehrenberg²,

Steger³

et al. 2020

Cement and Concrete Research

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Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a glassy by-product of pig iron production and is commonly used in concrete industry to replace cement and thereby lower the carbon footprint of the material. Large variations in reactivity exist depending on the GGBS physical and chemical features. Here we investigate the ability of three rapid calorimetric methods to evaluate the reactivity of GGBS. On a set of 16 industrial GGBS, we show that 24h heat release, using the R3protocol, correlates well with 2d compressive strength of standard mortars using 75 wt.-% GGBS. The correlation of R3-test results (R²= 0.87) is better than for traditional reactivity indices calculated from chemical composition. Furthermore, we present data on the repeatability of the test protocol and show that the R3 protocol is very sensitive to sample fineness. Finally, XRD patterns show that slight differences in phase assemblage exist between the most and least reactive GGBS.

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“…Various scientists were investigating the question of a test method suitable for assessing the pozzolanic reactivity of different SCM directly from the respective SCM [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Another approach is the determination of the reaction degree of SCM in cementitious systems [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Different parameters such as the reactive silica content, the CaO or Ca(OH) 2 consumption, the relative strength index or the content of soluble silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) ions in alkaline solution are common to assess the pozzolanic reactivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of Metakaolin in Alkaline Environment: Correlation of Results from Dissolution Experiments with XRD Quantifications

et al. 2020

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Systematic investigation of filtrates and filter residues resulting from a 24 h treatment of metakaolin in different alkaline solutions were performed. On filtered metakaolin particles, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) measurements reveal an enrichment of iron and titanium, which suggests an inhomogeneous distribution of these cations. Since the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio remains constant in all filter residues examined, the dissolution of the Si and Al monomers is congruent. Structural differences, identified by attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) as a consequence of alkali uptake, influence the X-ray scattering contribution of metakaolin, and thus quantifications with the partial or no known crystal structure (PONKCS) method. This leads to deviations between the degree of reaction calculated from Si and Al solubility from filtrate and that quantified by quantitative powder X-ray diffraction (QPXRD) using the filter residue. Nevertheless, the described changes do not cause a shift in the X-ray amorphous hump in case of congruent dissolution, and thus allow the quantification of the metakaolin before and after dissolution with the same hkl-phase model.

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Predicting the degree of reaction of supplementary cementitious materials in cementitious pastes using a pozzolanic test

Cited by 46 publications

References 54 publications

Physical and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Concrete Modified with Supplementary Cementitious Materials after Exposure to Elevated Temperature up to 1000 °C

Physical and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Concrete Modified with Supplementary Cementitious Materials after Exposure to Elevated Temperature up to 1000 °C

Ability of the R3 test to evaluate differences in early age reactivity of 16 industrial ground granulated blast furnace slags (GGBS)

Reactivity of Metakaolin in Alkaline Environment: Correlation of Results from Dissolution Experiments with XRD Quantifications

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