Predicting the Developmental Outcome of Two-Year-Old Children Born Exposed to Methadone: Impact of Social-Environmental Risk Factors

Bernstein, Victor J.; Hans, Sydney L.

doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2304_1

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…The video sessions were rated on the Parent -Child Observations Guides for Program Planning (PCOGs) (Bernstein, Percansky, & Hans, 1987) by raters who resolved their disagreements on each item by consensus. Data on the reliability and validity for the PCOGS have been reported elsewhere (Bernstein, Hans & Percansky, 1991), as have findings from the present sample (Bernstein & Hans, 1994). For the present report risk was determined based on maternal PCOG scores summed across categories at each of the three ages and dichotomized at a mean split.…”

Section: Other Relevant Variablesmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Because our own previous work and that of others has indicated that a measure of cumulative social-environmental risk is a more powerful predictor of child functioning than individual measures of such risk, we computed a social-environmental risk score. Following from the work of Sameroff and colleagues (Sameroff, Seifer, Barocas, Zax, & Greenspan, 1987), we did this by dichotomizing and tallying eight social-environmental risk variables: maternal education, maternal IQ, family socioeconomic status, maternal adaptive functioning, psychosocial stressors, and maternal behavior in interaction with the infants at 4, 12, and 24 months (see Bernstein & Hans, 1994, for further details of risk score calculation). A number of the variables that went into this risk score were assessed during prenatal interviews as follows: maternal education (measured in terms of years of school completed, less than 11 years counted as a risk), family socioeconomic status (measured on the Hollingshead TwoFactor Index of Social Position; Hollingshead & Redlich, 1958; Level 5 counted as a risk), maternal adaptive functioning (following psychiatric interviewing rated on DSM-III Axis 5, American Psychiatric Association, 1987, with poor or worse counted as a risk), maternal stressors (following psychiatric interviewing scaled on DSM-III Axis 4; more than moderate psychosocial stressors counted as a risk), and maternal intelligence (measured by the full-scale score from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; Wechsler, 1955; with IQ less than 85 counted as a risk).…”

Section: Other Relevant Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postneonatal mental and motor development of infants exposed in utero to opioid drugs

Hans

Jeremy

2001

Infant Mental Health Journal

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We compared the mental and motor development of 33 infants from innercity, African American families whose mothers used opioid drugs during pregnancy with that of 45 infants from demographically comparable families where the mothers were not users of opioids. We found that during the first 2 years of life, the children exposed to opioid drugs showed poorer functioning on Bayley Scales mental and psychomotor development indices as well as on Infant Behavior Record ratings of mental and motor functioning. Although both groups of children performed in the normal range during infancy, both groups showed sharp declines in their developmental scores during the second year of life relative to norms. The poorer performance of the opioid-exposed group in mental development was related to social-environmental risk factors; in psychomotor development, to reduced birth weight.RESUMEN: En este estudio se comparó el desarrollo mental y motor de 33 infantes que provenían de familias afro-norteamericanas de barrios pobres del centro de la ciudad y cuyas madres habían usado drogas similares al opio durante el embarazo, con 45 infantes de familias demográficamente comparables donde las madres no usaron tales drogas. Encontramos que durante los dos primeros años de vida, los niños expuestos a dichas drogas mostraron un funcionamiento más débil en los índices de desarrollo mental y sicomotor de las Escalas Bailey, así como en las clasificaciones de funcionamiento mental y motor de la Trayectoria de Comportamiento Infantil (Infant Behavior Record). Aunque ambos grupos de niños actuaron dentro de lo normal durante la infancia, los dos mostraron una declinación fuerte en cuanto a los puntajes de desarrollo durante el segundo año de vida, en lo relativo a las normas. La más débil actuación del grupo de niños expuestos a estas drogas en lo que respecta al desarrollo mental fue relacionada con factores de riesgo socio-ambientales; y en cuanto el desarrollo sicomotor, al bajo peso al momento del nacimiento.

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Section: Other Relevant Variablesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Other Relevant Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postneonatal mental and motor development of infants exposed in utero to opioid drugs

Hans

Jeremy

2001

Infant Mental Health Journal

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“…At 24 months, mothers and children participated in an assessment of mother -child interaction (Bernstein & Hans, 1994). Participants were videotaped for approximately 40 min communicating in eight scripted situations: "Teach your child to use the shape sorter," "play a game you both enjoy at home," "let your child play with toys," "help your child play with toys you both enjoy," "help your child go to potty," "cleanup time," "free time," and "snack time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have reported on the potential moderating effects of mother and infant variables on the relation between prenatal drug exposure and developmental outcomes (Freier, 1994;Hofkosh et al, 1995). For example Bernstein and Hans (1994) found that a poor quality of the mother's communication with her infant at 4 and 12 months was correlated with lower scores on three indices of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley, 1969) at 24 months among the drug-exposed infants, but not the matched comparison infants. Thus, the poor quality of communication of the mothers using drugs had a particularly adverse impact on their infants' developmental outcomes.…”

Section: * * *mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sample of low-income, African American pregnant women was recruited at the prenatal clinics of Chicago Lying-In Hospital at the University of Chicago to participate in a longitudinal study (see Bernstein & Hans, 1994). All methadone-maintained women who attended these clinics were identified and participated in a screening interview with research staff.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mother expectation of bother and infant attachment behaviors as predictors of mother and child communication at 24 months in children of methadone-maintained women

Goodman

Hans

Bernstein

2005

Infant Ment. Health J.

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This study used a transactional model of development (Sameroff, 1975) to test whether methadone exposure, mother's expectation of her future infant's degree of bother during pregnancy, infant attachment behaviors assessed at 12 months, and mother and child communication assessed at 24 months reciprocally influence each other in a sample of 30 full-term, African American toddlers exposed in utero to methadone and 42 comparison toddlers. Toddlers were videotaped at 24 months communicating with their mothers in eight scripted situations and at 12 months participating in a separation-reunion procedure to assess attachment behaviors. Mothers in both groups were comparable on race, education, age, SES, parity, IQ, and marital status. The relation between methadone exposure and the quality of mother communication was found to be moderated by mother's expectation of her future infant's degree of bother and mediated by avoidant attachment behavior. Infants' disorganized attachment behavior predicted their own lower quality communication at 24 months regardless of methadone exposure. The organization of affect regulation in both members of the dyad can differentially affect the ways in which methadone exposure impacts on the quality of mother communication by 24 months. Results suggest that preventive intervention is most likely to succeed when both mothers and children participate.

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Cognitive Outcomes of Young Children After Prenatal Exposure to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCE The number of children with prenatal opioid exposure to medication for addiction treatment (MAT) with methadone and buprenorphine for maternal opioid use disorder is increasing, but the associations of this exposure with cognitive outcomes are not well understood. OBJECTIVE To examine the strength and consistency of findings in the medical literature regarding the association of prenatal exposure to MAT with early childhood cognitive development, particularly when accounting for variables outside MAT exposure.

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Predicting the Developmental Outcome of Two-Year-Old Children Born Exposed to Methadone: Impact of Social-Environmental Risk Factors

Cited by 46 publications

References 7 publications

Postneonatal mental and motor development of infants exposed in utero to opioid drugs

Postneonatal mental and motor development of infants exposed in utero to opioid drugs

Mother expectation of bother and infant attachment behaviors as predictors of mother and child communication at 24 months in children of methadone-maintained women

Cognitive Outcomes of Young Children After Prenatal Exposure to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder

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