“…This study provides the following insights. The results show an existence of a long-run relationship among employment, labor productivity and trade openness 1 One of the important lessons from the current COVID-19 pandemic is that countries have become more open and, as a result, they have become more susceptible to external shocks like the COVID-19 outbreak; see Akram et al (2020), Vidya, andPrabheesh (2020), Chen et al (2020), Devpura (2020), Devpura and Narayan (2020), Iyke (2020a, b, c), Khattak et al (2020), Liu, Sun and Zhang (2020), Liu, Choo and Lee (2020), Mishra et al (2020), Narayan (2020a, b, c), Narayan, Devpura and Wang (2020), Narayan, Phan and Liu (2020), Narayan, Gong and Ahmed (2020), Phan and Narayan (2020), Sha and Sharma (2020), Sharma &Sha (2020), andSharma (2020) for studies exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on economies). Therefore, understanding how openness affects indicators like employment and productivity is of importance to economic agents.…”