Predicting the Number of Flowers in Satsuma Mandarin (&lt;i&gt;Citrus unshiu&lt;/i&gt; Marc.) Trees Based on Citrus &lt;i&gt;FLOWERING LOCUS T&lt;/i&gt; mRNA Levels

Nishikawa, Fumie; Iwasaki, Mitsunori; Fukamachi, Hiroshi; Endo, Tetsuro

doi:10.2503/hortj.okd-031

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It has been reported that CiFT expression during floral induction in citrus trees is closely correlated with the number of flowers in the following spring [53,54]. This is further confirmed by our analysis in which TS/C35 plants showed a significantly higher flowering intensity compared with TS/SC (p-value = 0.0163, Figure 3), supporting the hypothesis that rootstock affects floral induction in sweet orange by regulating the expression pattern of CiFT2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Rootstock Affects Floral Induction in Citrus Engaging the Expression of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT)

et al. 2021

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In Citrus, flower induction represents the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. The regulation of flower induction is mainly triggered by exposure to low temperatures and water-deficit stress, which activates the signaling cascade leading to an increased expression of the citrus orthologs of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT). In this study, the relationship between rootstock and flower induction under Mediterranean field conditions was investigated by monitoring the expression levels of the floral promoter CiFT2 in leaves of the pigmented sweet orange “Tarocco Scirè” grafted onto “C35” citrange and “Swingle” citrumelo rootstocks. The latter two are known to confer, respectively, high and low yield efficiency to the scion. In both rootstock/scion combinations, CiFT2 showed a seasonal expression with a peak during the inductive period in January triggered by cold temperature. The “Tarocco Scirè”/”C35” citrange combination showed the highest expression levels for CiFT2; this increased expression was correlated with yield and a higher number of flowers in the following spring, suggesting a significant effect of rootstocks on flower induction mediated by the overexpression of the CiFT2 gene.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Rootstock Affects Floral Induction in Citrus Engaging the Expression of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT)

et al. 2021

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“…Constitutive expression of the Arabidopsis FT gene in apple [ 8 ], soybean [ 9 ], and poplar [ 10 ] results in early flowering phenotypes and the expression levels of FT in Satsuma mandarin ( Citrus unshiu Marc.) have been correlated with flower numbers [ 11 ]. Additionally, FT orthologues have been identified in a variety of genera such as rice [ 12 ], poplar [ 13 , 14 ], citrus [ 6 , 15 ], and many others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression patterns of flowering genes in leaves of ‘Pineapple’ sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck)

2017

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BackgroundIn citrus the transition from juvenility to mature phase is marked by the capability of a tree to flower and fruit consistently. The long period of juvenility in citrus severely impedes the use of genetic based strategies to improve fruit quality, disease resistance, and responses to abiotic environmental factors. One of the genes whose expression signals flower development in many plant species is FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT).ResultsIn this study, gene expression levels of flowering genes CiFT1, CiFT2 and CiFT3 were determined using reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR in citrus trees over a 1 year period in Florida. Distinct genotypes of citrus trees of different ages were used. In mature trees of pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck) and ‘Pineapple’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) the expression of all three CiFT genes was coordinated and significantly higher in April, after flowering was over, regardless of whether they were in the greenhouse or in the field. Interestingly, immature ‘Pineapple’ seedlings showed significantly high levels of CiFT3 expression in April and June, while CiFT1 and CiFT2 were highest in June, and hence their expression induction was not simultaneous as in mature plants.ConclusionsIn mature citrus trees the induction of CiFTs expression in leaves occurs at the end of spring and after flowering has taken place suggesting it is not associated with dormancy interruption and further flower bud development but is probably involved with shoot apex differentiation and flower bud determination. CiFTs were also seasonally induced in immature seedlings, indicating that additional factors must be suppressing flowering induction and their expression has other functions.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-017-1094-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Erratic flowering became apparent in younger corms (bulbils and 1-year-old corms). In Satsuma mandarin, erratic floral production in Japan is related to expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T expression (Nishikawa et al, 2017). In the present experiment, two types of erratic flowering were observed, 1) initially corm produced a leaf followed by an inflorescence, and 2) initially produced an inflorescence followed by a leaf(s).…”

Section: Seed Productionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Gibberellic Acid Application Causes Erratic Flowering on Young Corms of <i>Amorphophallus muelleri</i> Blume (Araceae)

et al. 2019

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Flowering induction in Amorphophallus muelleri Blume is required for mass production of seeds within a short period of time. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid (GA 3) application on flowering induction for non-flowering-aged corms (immature corms) in A. muelleri. Research was conducted at Leuwikopo Farm, Bogor-Indonesia in May 2015-August 2016. Dormant corms of bulbils (0 year), 1-, and 2-year-old were treated with 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm GA 3. A 3-year-old corm was used as an additional control. Results demonstrated that GA 3 application effectively induced flowering in 2-year-old corms. Bulbils flowered at a rate of 1.7-6.7% and 1-year-old corm at a rate of 2.8-16.7% irrespective of GA 3 levels; 100% and 50-100% of inflorescences, respectively, were abnormal leading to low seed production. The GA 3 application caused erratic flowering in bulbils and one-year-old corms, indicating age-dependentflowering in A. muelleri. The erratic flowering caused a detrimental effect on seed production. In this experiment, 2-year-old corms produced larger inflorescences and a lower number of abnormal inflorescences. Thus, application of GA 3 at a level of 1500 ppm on 2-year-old corms is recommended for mass production of A. muelleri seeds within a short period of time. In the future, it will be interesting to study the physiological mechanism of the erratic flowering phenomenon across corm age in A. muelleri.

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Predicting the Number of Flowers in Satsuma Mandarin (<i>Citrus unshiu</i> Marc.) Trees Based on Citrus <i>FLOWERING LOCUS T</i> mRNA Levels

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Rootstock Affects Floral Induction in Citrus Engaging the Expression of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT)

Rootstock Affects Floral Induction in Citrus Engaging the Expression of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT)

Expression patterns of flowering genes in leaves of ‘Pineapple’ sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck)

Gibberellic Acid Application Causes Erratic Flowering on Young Corms of <i>Amorphophallus muelleri</i> Blume (Araceae)

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