Predicting the Patellar Tendon Force Generated When Landing from a Jump

Janssen, Ina; Steele, Julie R.; Munro, Bridget J.; Brown, Nicholas

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31827f0314

Cited by 45 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…High-level strain application has been associated with greater tendon cell deformation (Arnoczky et al, 2002) and collagen fiber recruitment (Kastelic et al, 1980; Hansen et al, 2002), which are considered important factors for the transmission of extracellular matrix strains into cellular responses (Lavagnino et al, 2008). Direct measurements (Finni et al, 2000) and estimations of patellar tendon forces (Janssen et al, 2013) suggest tendon loads to exceed five times body weight during jumping and landing, which makes it reasonable to assume that athletic volleyball training provides sufficient loading in terms of load magnitude to induce tendon adaptation. High tendon strain rates during plyometric loading and the associated fluid-flow dependent shear stress on tendon cells might additionally stimulate tendon metabolism (Haut and Haut, 1997; Archambault et al, 2002; Lavagnino et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle and Tendon Adaptation in Adolescence: Elite Volleyball Athletes Compared to Untrained Boys and Girls

et al. 2017

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Though the plasticity of human tendons is well explored in adults, it is still unknown how superimposed mechanical loading by means of athletic training affects the properties of tendons during maturation. Due to the increased responsiveness of muscle to mechanical loading, adolescence is an important phase to investigate the effects of training on the mechanical properties of tendons. Hence, in the present study we compared vastus lateralis (VL) architecture, muscle strength of the knee extensor muscles and patellar tendon mechanical properties of male and female adolescent elite athletes to untrained boys and girls. Twenty-one adolescent volleyball athletes (A; 16.7 ± 1 years; 12 boys, 9 girls) and 24 similar-aged controls (C; 16.7 ± 1 years; 12 boys and girls, respectively) performed maximum isometric contractions on a dynamometer for the assessment of muscle strength and, by integrating ultrasound imaging, patellar tendon mechanical properties. Respective joint moments were calculated using an inverse dynamics approach and an electromyography-based estimation of antagonistic contribution. Additionally, the VL pennation angle, fascicle length and muscle-thickness were determined in the inactive state by means of ultrasound. Adolescent athletes produced significantly greater knee extension moments (normalized to body mass) compared to controls (A: 4.23 ± 0.80 Nm/kg, C: 3.57 ± 0.67 Nm/kg; p = 0.004), and showed greater VL thickness and pennation angle (+38% and +27%; p < 0.001). Tendon stiffness (normalized to rest length) was also significantly higher in athletes (A: 86.0 ± 27.1 kN/strain, C: 70.2 ± 18.8 kN/strain; p = 0.04), yet less pronounced compared to tendon force (A: 5785 ± 1146 N, C: 4335 ± 1015 N; p < 0.001), which resulted in higher levels of tendon strain during maximum contractions in athletes (A: 8.0 ± 1.9%, C: 6.4 ± 1.8%; p = 0.008). We conclude that athletic volleyball training provides a more efficient stimulus for muscle compared to tendon adaptation, which results in an increased demand placed upon the tendon by the working muscle in adolescent volleyball athletes. Besides implications for sport performance, these findings might have important consequences for the risk of tendon overuse injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle and Tendon Adaptation in Adolescence: Elite Volleyball Athletes Compared to Untrained Boys and Girls

et al. 2017

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“…73 In comparison, during the landing phase of a vertical jump, peak patellar tendon forces have been estimated to be 5.17  0.86 body weight, with a loading rate of 38.06  11.55 body weight per second. 49 Higher patellar tendon forces are reported in the horizontal landing phase of a stop land/jump sequence, with peak patellar tendon forces of 6.6  1.6 body weight and loading rates up to 93  23 body weight per second. 28 This provides an understanding that the major change through these activities is rate of loading of the tendon, which should be progressed gradually through relevant energy-storage activities for the individual athlete.…”

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confidence: 97%

Patellar Tendinopathy: Clinical Diagnosis, Load Management, and Advice for Challenging Case Presentations

Malliaras¹,

Cook²,

Purdam³

et al. 2015

Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy

249

207

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® T t SYNOPSIS:The hallmark features of patellar tendinopathy are (1) pain localized to the inferior pole of the patella and (2) load-related pain that increases with the demand on the knee extensors, notably in activities that store and release energy in the patellar tendon. While imaging may assist in differential diagnosis, the diagnosis of patellar tendinopathy remains clinical, as asymptomatic tendon pathology may exist in people who have pain from other anterior knee sources. A thorough examination is required to diagnose patellar tendinopathy and contributing factors. Management of patellar tendinopathy should focus on progressively developing load tolerance of the tendon, the musculoskeletal unit, and the kinetic chain, as well as addressing key biomechanical and other risk factors. Rehabilitation can be slow and sometimes frustrating. This review aims to assist clinicians with key concepts related to examination, diagnosis, and management of patellar tendinopathy. Difficult clinical presentations (eg, highly irritable tendon, systemic comorbidities) as well as common pitfalls, such as unrealistic rehabilitation time frames and overreliance on passive treatments, are also discussed. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(11):887-898. Epub 21 Sep 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015 can induce pathology and a change in the tendon's mechanical properties, which is a risk factor for developing symptoms. 17,61 Energy-storage load is defined in this article as high tendon load, because it is associated with tendon injury.Although the relationship between pain and tendon pathology is unclear, the presence of pathology appears to be a risk factor for an individual becoming symptomatic.17,61 Thus, it is important for clinicians to have an appreciation of tendon pathology. Briefly, tendon pathology includes increases in tenocyte numbers and rounding, and in ground substance expression, causing swelling, matrix degradation, and neovascular ingrowth. 53,58 These changes have been extensively reviewed elsewhere.

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“…To estimate patellar tendon kinetics a predictive algorithm was utilized [19]. Patellar tendon load (PTL) was determined by dividing the knee extensor moment (KM) by the estimated patellar tendon moment arm (PTMA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex variation in patellar tendon kinetics during running

Sinclair¹,

Taylor²

2018

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether female recreational runners exhibit distinct patellar tendon loading patterns in relation to their male counterparts. Methods. Twelve male (age 26.55 ± 4.11 years, height 1.78 ± 0.11 m, mass 77.11 ± 5.06 kg) and twelve female (age 26.67 ± 5.34 years, height 1.67 ± 0.12 m, mass 63.28 ± 9.75 kg) runners ran over a force platform at 4.0 m · s -1 . Lower limb kinematics were collected using an eight-camera optoelectric motion capture system which operated at 250 Hz. Patellar tendon loads were examined using a predictive algorithm. Sex differences in limb, knee and ankle joint stiffness were examined statistically using independent samples t tests. Results. The results indicate that patellar tendon force (male = 6.49 ± 2.28, female = 7.03 ± 1.35) and patelllar tendon loading rate (male = 92.41 ± 32.51, female = 111.05 ± 48.58) were significantly higher in female runners. Conclusions. Excessive tendon loading in female runners indicates that female runners may be at increased risk of patellar tendon pathologies.

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Predicting the Patellar Tendon Force Generated When Landing from a Jump

Cited by 45 publications

References 29 publications

Muscle and Tendon Adaptation in Adolescence: Elite Volleyball Athletes Compared to Untrained Boys and Girls

Muscle and Tendon Adaptation in Adolescence: Elite Volleyball Athletes Compared to Untrained Boys and Girls

Patellar Tendinopathy: Clinical Diagnosis, Load Management, and Advice for Challenging Case Presentations

Sex variation in patellar tendon kinetics during running

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