Predicting the Risk of High-Grade Bladder Cancer Using Noninvasive Data

Abstract

Aim: To examine the hypothesis that the risk of high-grade bladder cancer can be predicted using noninvasively obtained data. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the database of 431 patients that had transurethral resection of first-time bladder tumors between June 1998 and December 2009. Pre-operative parameters evaluated were: patients’ age; gender; sonographic tumor diameter, number and location of tumor inside the bladder; presence of hydronephrosis, and results of urinary cytology. Parameters that showed significance in multivariate analysis were incorporated into the nomogram. Results: Multivariate analysis of the data showed that patient’s age, the presence of hydronephrosis, sonographic tumor diameter (risk of a high-grade tumor: 14, 29, 43.3, 55.7 and 69.4% at diameters: 0.5–1.5, 1.6–2, 2.1–2.5, 2.6–3 and >3 cm, respectively), location of tumor in the bladder (risk of high-grade tumor: 28.8, 47, 67.5 and 90.5% in the lateral walls, posterior/base, anterior and dome, respectively), and urinary cytology were all highly significant and independent predictors of high-grade tumors. A nomogram constructed using these variables scored an area of 0.853 in the ROC curve. Conclusions: The risk of high-grade bladder tumor can be accurately predicted using non-invasively obtained information. This prediction can help to triage patients with newly detected bladder cancer for biopsy.

Prediction model for recurrence probabilities after intravesical chemotherapy in patients with intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, including external validation

“…Data of 1062 patients, all treated with BCG, were used to identify risk factors for recurrence and progression after BCG treatment. Several other prediction models have been developed for NMIBC [ 9 – 15 ], but none of them included solely patients who, according to the guidelines, should have been and in fact were treated with intravesical chemotherapy.…”

Oncological Outcome of Primary versus Secondary Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Is Comparable after Radical Cystectomy

“…Risk of cancer-specific mortality following RC for MIBC is usually determined by pathological tumour stage and lymph node status. Since cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates vary widely, other prognostic factors have been evaluated [5,6]. …”

Diagnostic accuracy of cystoscopic biopsy for tumour grade in outpatients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and the risk factors of upgrading

“…In addition, a recent study conducted by Shapur et al. [ 21 ] revealed that advancing age is a significant risk factor for HG BCa ( p <0.0001, OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.03–1.06). Subsequently, we revealed that older patients might be more likely with HG tumour (OR: 1.041; 95% CI: 1.005–1.078; p =0.025) ( Supplementary Table 3 ).…”