Predicting the transient response of a serpentine flow-field PEMFC

Shimpalee, Sirivatch; Lee, W.-K.; Zee, J. W. Van; Naseri-Neshat, H.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.05.074

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The main factors that affect the hydrogen flow rate transient behavior shown in Fig. 10 are the hydrogen fuel delivery control system, and the fuel diffusion through the electrodes to the electrochemically active sites [39]. As the step load increases, the more significant hydrogen flow rate overshoot transient behavior is observed.…”

Section: Transient Response To Step Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore it is observed that the PEMFC system gradually ramps up the power in the oscillating manner that is monotonically increasingly limited as temperature is decreased. It's also possible that this oscillating behavior at lower coolant temperature is due to the embedded system control strategy that waits for the stack temperature to rise before gradually ramping up the set-points [39]. In addition, at lower temperature, there is a higher propensity for flooding.…”

Section: Transient Response To Step Loads At Various Coolant Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic performance of an in-rack proton exchange membrane fuel cell battery system to power servers

Brouwer

James

et al. 2017

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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a b s t r a c tTo improve the reliability and the energy efficiency of data centers, as well as to reduce infrastructure costs and environmental impacts, we experimentally evaluated in-rack powering of servers with a hybrid 12 kW Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and battery system. The steady state and the transient performance of the PEMFC and battery in response to dynamic AC loads and real server loads have been evaluated and characterized. The PEMFC system responds quickly and reproducibly to load changes directly from the server rack. Peak efficiency of 55.2% in a single server rack can be achieved. The effect of fuel cell coolant temperature on the hybrid system transient behavior is also captured and evaluated. The observed PEMFC transient responses obtained from the experiments were used to design the size of the energy storage component for the hybrid system. Simulations and analysis of various types of energy storage devices for the hybrid system were carried out. To provide power to meet the most significant transient demand, energy storage capacity greater than 0.3 kWh is required for all battery types, while only 0.053 kWh capacity is required for the ultracapacitor. During charging, the ultracapacitor uses the shortest amount of time to recover to the original SOC, while the charging duration for the lead acid battery is twice as long as that of the ultracapacitor.

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Section: Transient Response To Step Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transient Response To Step Loads At Various Coolant Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic performance of an in-rack proton exchange membrane fuel cell battery system to power servers

Brouwer

James

et al. 2017

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…It is thought that overshoot occurs due to existence of time lag between time of voltage drop and rate of consumption and redistribution of reactant gas on the reaction site after voltage drop. That is, rate of heat transfer and consumption and retribution of reactant is slow compared to abrupt voltage drop (8)(9)(10) .…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And they also showed that the water redistribution process was controlled by water production, membrane hydration, electro-osmotic drag, and water diffusion in the membrane. Shimpalee et al (8)(9)(10) showed that overshoot in the current density was produced when the cell voltage is abruptly changed from 0.7 to 0.5 V for fixed excess initial stoichiometric flow rates. In their numerical simulation, the fixed flow rates were set in excess because they corresponded to stoichiometries of 2.6 and 4.4 at 0.7 V for the predicted initial current density of 0.35 A/cm2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Performance Behavior of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell by Configuration of Membrane and Gas Diffusion Layer

Hwang

Han

Lee

et al. 2010

JTST

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A single-phase, fully three-dimensional transient numerical simulation was performed to analyze the dynamic response of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with single serpentine flow channels. . In addition, the effects of the membrane and gas diffusion layer thickness on current density transient behavior were investigated using numerical simulation. An overshoot of current density is observed for all thicknesses of the membrane and gas diffusion layer at an abrupt change of operating voltage from 0.7 V to 0.5 V. The peak of the overshoot and the elapsed thickness time to reach to the steady state value increase with decreasing membrane thickness. It is thought that the thin membrane facilitates the transport of water and ions through the membrane, resulting in an increase in current density and humidification of the membrane. The elapsed time to reach steady state voltage become shorter and the peak of the overshoot decreases as the thickness of the gas diffusion layer decreases. We suggest that this occurs because a thick gas diffusion layer increases the distance between the current collector (as heat exchanger) and catalyst layer (as heat source), resulting in a low transport rate of heat generated by the electrochemical reaction at the catalyst layer.

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“…Yu et al [33] developed a dynamic water and thermal management model for a Ballard PEMFC stack. Shimpalee et al [34,35] present a threedimensional numerical simulation of the transient response of a PEM fuel cell (PEMFC) subjected to a variable load. Transient responses of the cell are predicted based on local distributions of the current density and gas mole fractions.…”

Section: Background and Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-three dimensional dynamic model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell for system and controls development

Mueller

Brouwer

Kang

et al. 2007

Journal of Power Sources

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Predicting the transient response of a serpentine flow-field PEMFC

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

Dynamic performance of an in-rack proton exchange membrane fuel cell battery system to power servers

Dynamic performance of an in-rack proton exchange membrane fuel cell battery system to power servers

Transient Performance Behavior of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell by Configuration of Membrane and Gas Diffusion Layer

Quasi-three dimensional dynamic model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell for system and controls development

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