Predicting Transdermal Uptake of Phthalates and a Paraben from Cosmetic Cream Using the Measured Fugacity

Abstract

Transdermal uptake models compliment in vitro and in vivo experiments in assessing risk of environmental exposures to semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). A key parameter for mechanistic models is a chemical driving force for mass transfer from environmental media to human skin. In this research, we measure this driving force in the form of fugacity for chemicals in cosmetic cream and use it to model uptake from cosmetics as a surrogate for condensed environmental media. A simple cosmetic cream, containing no target analytes, was mixed with diethylphthalate (DEP), di-n-butylphthalate (DnBP), and butyl paraben (BP) and diluted to make creams with concentrations ranging from 0.025% to 6%. The fugacity, relative to the pure compound, was measured using solid-phase micro extraction (SPME). We found that the relationship between the concentration and fugacity is highly non-linear. The relative fugacity of Page 1 of 43 ACS Paragon Plus Environment Environmental Science & Technology 2 the chemicals for a 2% w/w formulation was used in a diffusion-based model to predict transdermal uptake of each chemical and compared with excretion data from a prior human subject study with the same formulation. Dynamic simulations of excretion are generally consistent with the results of the human subject experiment but sensitive to the input parameters, especially the time between cream application and showering.

Skin emitted volatiles analysis for noninvasive diagnosis: the current advances in sample preparation techniques for biomedical application

“…It was observed that pure liquid VOCs showed less permeability due to the dehydration of the stratum corneum. 104,105 Increased skin temperature enhances percutaneous absorption proportionally. In most studies, skin absorption measurements were conducted in temperature-controlled experiments.…”

Insights into Health Risks of Face Paint Application to Opera Performers: The Release of Heavy Metals and Stage-Light-Induced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species

“…Concerns about toxic ingredients in cosmetics have recently increased. − For example, heavy metals (HMs) are commonly combined with natural mineral pigments and artificial colorants to increase the brightness or color diversity . Although regulations regarding permissible levels of HMs (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) in cosmetics have been issued in at least 69 countries, products with extremely high concentrations of restricted or unrestricted HMs are still commonly available.…”