Predicting Visual Disability in Glaucoma With Combinations of Vision Measures

Lin, Stephanie; Mihailović, Aleksandra; West, Sheila K.; Johnson, Chris A.; Friedman, David S.; Kong, Xiangrong; Ramulu, Pradeep Y.

doi:10.1167/tvst.7.2.22

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…CS is a sensitive measure of visual defects in glaucoma and is able to discriminate the severity of diabetic retinopathy and cataract. 10–12,31 The traditional VA measure may not correlate well with day-to-day visual challenges that a person experiences or identify gradual neuropathological visual function changes. 5,32–34 CS testing provides a measure of visual function that perhaps more readily reflects visual function in the “real world” and helps to identify more subtle or gradual vision loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poor CS can significantly limit activity and reduce quality of life. 2,12 In a recent study from Ethiopia, poor CS was strongly associated with reduced quality of life scores in patients with trachomatous trichiasis. 13…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poor CS degrades quality of vision, by reducing the ability to distinguish between objects without distinct outlines, affecting day to day activities even in people with normal VA. 1,3,5–8 CS is a useful measure of visual function in evaluating patients with cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degenerations; the leading causes of blindness worldwide. 9–12 It is also an important measure of visual function for occupations requiring particularly good eye sight. Poor CS can significantly limit activity and reduce quality of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Validation of a Smartphone-based Contrast Sensitivity Test

Habtamu

Bastawrous

Bolster

et al. 2019

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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PurposeContrast sensitivity (CS) testing is an important measure of visual function reflecting variations in everyday visual experience in different conditions and helps to identify more subtle vision loss. However, it is only infrequently used. To make this more accessible, we have developed and validated a smartphone-based CS test.MethodsA new tumbling-E smartphone-based CS test was developed, Peek Contrast Sensitivity (PeekCS). This was field tested and refined through several iterations. Reference standard was a tumbling-E Pelli-Robson CS test (PRCS). The validation study was conducted in community clinics in Ethiopia. Test-retest variability was measured for both PRCS and PeekCS. PRCS and PeekCS were then compared. Correlation coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated; 95% limits of agreement were calculated and displayed on Bland-Altman plots.ResultsPeekCS showed strong repeatability (correlation coefficient: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91–0.95), which was comparable with PRCS (correlation coefficient: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.95–0.97). The 95% limit of agreement for test-retest variability of PRCS and PeekCS were −0.20 to 0.21 and −0.31 to 0.29, respectively. PRCS and PeekCS were highly correlated: 0.94 (95% CI: 0.93–0.95); 95% limits of agreement −0.27 to 0.29; and mean difference 0.010 (95% CI: −0.001 to 0.022). PeekCS had a faster testing time (44.6 seconds) than PRCS (48.6 seconds): mean difference −3.98 (95% CI: −5.38 to −2.58); P < 0.001.ConclusionsThe smartphone-based PeekCS is a repeatable and rapid test, providing results that are highly comparable with the commonly used PRCS test.Translational RelevancePeekCS provides an accessible and easy to perform alternative for CS testing, particularly in the community setting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development and Validation of a Smartphone-based Contrast Sensitivity Test

Habtamu

Bastawrous

Bolster

et al. 2019

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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“…In addition to its efficiency and precision, the qCSF has shown great test–retest reliability as well as sensitivity in detecting changes of visual functions. 14 The qCSF has been used to measure the CSF in several clinical populations, including subjects with amblyopia, 15 , 16 multiple sclerosis, 6 dry age-related macular degeneration, 17 central serous chorioretinopathy (Marmalidou, et al IOVS , 2018;59:ARVO E-Abstract 3126), glaucoma, 18 early diabetic retinopathy, 19 and aging. 20 It also has been used to investigate dynamic effects of visual adaptation, 21 the time course of postoperative recovery of the CSF of patients who experienced extended periods of early-onset blindness, 22 visual performance change after blur adaptation, 23 and the impact of emotional arousal on the CSF, 24 as well as CSF in peripheral vision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Contrast Sensitivity Function Using the qCSF Method With 10 Digits

Zheng

Wang

Cui

et al. 2018

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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PurposeThe Bayesian adaptive quick contrast sensitivity function (qCSF) method with a 10-letter identification task provides an efficient CSF assessment. However, large populations are unfamiliar with letters and cannot benefit from this test. To overcome the barrier, we conducted this study.MethodA new font for digits (0∼9) was created. The digits were then filtered with a raised cosine filter, rescaled to different sizes to cover spatial frequencies from 0.5 to 16 cycles per degree (cpd), and used as stimuli in a 10-alternative forced choice (10AFC) digit identification task. With the 10AFC digit identification task, the CSFs of five young and five old observers were measured using the qCSF and Psi methods. The estimates from the latter served as reference.ResultsThe new digit font showed significantly improved similarity structure, Levene's test, F(1, 88) = 6.36, P = 0.014. With the 10-digit identification task, the CSFs obtained with the qCSF method matched well with those obtained with the Psi method (root mean square error [RMSE] = 0.053 log10 units). With approximately 30 trials, the precision of the qCSF method reached 0.1 log10 units. With approximately 75 trials, the precision of the CSFs obtained with the qCSF was comparable to that of the CSFs measured by the Psi method in 150 trials.ConclusionsThe qCSF with the 10 digit identification task is validated for both young and old observers.Translational RelevanceThe qCSF method with the 10-digit identification task provides an efficient and precise CSF test especially for people who are unfamiliar with letters.

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“…Vision loss from glaucoma can adversely affect function, including mobility, driving, and reading 1. Visual field (VF) testing is commonly used to monitor glaucoma progression, but glaucoma can affect visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), and color vision as well 2–6. Although VF sensitivity is an important tool to diagnose and monitor patients with glaucoma, other vision parameters may be as, or more, important for everyday function and quality of life 6,7.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vision Parameters Most Important to Functionality in Glaucoma

Shakarchi

Mihailović

West

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PurposeTo determine the importance of various vision parameters to functionality in glaucoma.MethodsVision was measured using seven parameters: visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), integrated visual field (IVF), area under the log CS function (AULCSF), color vision, stereoacuity, and VA with noise (ViN). Likelihood ratio testing (LRT) determined if the full set of visual parameters significantly explained variability in 10 functional outcomes. For outcomes where the visual contribution was significant, dominance analysis determined the relative importance of the various visual parameters.ResultsThe analysis included 151 glaucoma patients. Mean age was 70 ± 6.8 years, and 47% were men. Significant visual contributions (LRT P < 0.05) were noted for glaucoma quality of life (GQL-15), reading speed, driving cessation, daily steps, and base of support while walking, but not for fear of falling, balance, gait velocity, stride velocity, and stride length while walking (LRT P > 0.05). The most important parameter (and percent contribution) to vision-explained variability were AULCSF for daily steps (45%), IVF for base of support (35%), VA for reading speed (34%), CS for GQL-15 (30%), and VA for driving cessation (26%).ConclusionsMeasures of visual ability are important for several aspects of quality of life and functionality. The most important vision parameter for functionality differs depending on the domain studied. Reading and driving were explained by VA and IVF sensitivity. On the other hand, GQL-15 and daily steps were more heavily influenced by CS and AULCSF, which are rarely performed clinically.

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Predicting Visual Disability in Glaucoma With Combinations of Vision Measures

Cited by 35 publications

References 27 publications

Development and Validation of a Smartphone-based Contrast Sensitivity Test

Development and Validation of a Smartphone-based Contrast Sensitivity Test

Measuring the Contrast Sensitivity Function Using the qCSF Method With 10 Digits

Vision Parameters Most Important to Functionality in Glaucoma

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