Predicting wetland contamination from atmospheric deposition measurements of pesticides in the Canadian Prairie Pothole region

Messing, Paul G.; Farenhorst, Annemieke; Waite, Don T.; McQueen, D. A. Ross; Sproull, James F.; Humphries, David; Thompson, Laura L.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.074

Cited by 47 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Since neither of these herbicides was applied to crops on organic farms, their low detection frequency in these wetlands could result from short‐ to long‐range atmospheric transport inputs. In agreement with an atmospheric transport mechanism, Majewski et al (2014), Messing et al (2011), Chang et al (2011), and Farenhorst et al (2015) have reported glyphosate and AMPA in rain. However, because glyphosate exists as a zwitterion, it is strongly sorbed to soil and plant surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…In the prairie provinces, pesticides have been widely detected in aquatic ecosystems including wetlands (Donald et al, 1999, 2001; Main et al, 2014), farm dugouts (Grover et al, 1997; Cessna and Elliott, 2004), drinking water reservoirs (Donald et al, 2007), and rivers and streams (Crosley et al, 1998; Rawn et al, 1999; Anderson, 2005; Glozier et al, 2012). Herbicides can enter surface waters situated within the agricultural landscape via the atmosphere through application drift (Wolf et al, 2004), wet (precipitation) and dry (particulate) atmospheric deposition (Hill et al, 2002; Waite et al, 2002, 2005; Yao et al, 2006; Messing et al, 2011), and deposition of wind‐eroded soil (Larney et al, 1999; Cessna et al, 2006). They can also reach surface water bodies from runoff induced by irrigation (Cessna et al, 1994; Elliott and Cessna, 2010), rainfall (Donald et al, 2005), and snowmelt (Nicholaichuk and Grover, 1983; Cessna et al, 2013), and from deposition of water‐eroded soil associated with runoff (Waite et al, 1992).…”

Section: Detection Frequency Maximum Concentration and Reporting LImentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentrations of Herbicides in Wetlands on Organic and Minimum‐Tillage Farms

2018

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Wetlands are abundant throughout the agricultural landscape of central Saskatchewan, Canada, and the biota present in these wetlands may be vulnerable to the toxic effects of pesticides used on nearby crops. We hypothesized that herbicide concentrations would be higher in wetlands on minimum‐tillage farms than on organic (no herbicide use) farms, and that the principal transport mechanisms of runoff versus atmospheric deposition could be identified based on the concentrations in these two wetland types. To test these hypotheses, 29 herbicides were monitored for 5 yr in 16 wetlands on minimum‐tillage farms and in seven wetlands on organic farms. Twenty herbicides were detected in wetlands on minimum‐tillage farms versus 12 in wetlands on organic farms. Clopyralid, MCPA, 2,4‐D, bromoxynil, dichlorprop, and dicamba were detected at a >50% frequency in wetlands on both minimum‐tillage and organic farms. Concentrations of clopyralid were significantly higher in wetlands on minimum‐tillage farms than in those on organic farms, whereas no significant difference was observed for any of the other five herbicides. Glyphosate, including its degradation product AMPA, was detected in >50% frequency only in wetlands on minimum‐tillage farms where the mean concentration (1278 ng L−1) was higher than the concentration of other herbicides. Mass applied, vapor pressure, and water solubility were important determinants of herbicide concentrations and detections in wetlands. Herbicide concentrations in all but two samples were less than their respective Canadian guideline for protection of aquatic life, suggesting that, overall, individual herbicide concentrations in the wetlands were not toxic to biota. Core Ideas Wetland biota may be at risk from toxic effects of herbicides. We assessed 29 herbicides in wetlands on minimum‐tillage and organic farms. Fewer herbicides and lower concentrations were detected in wetlands on organic farms. Detections were related to relative use, herbicide volatility, and water solubility. Herbicides in wetlands on minimum‐tillage farms were usually below toxic thresholds

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Detection Frequency Maximum Concentration and Reporting LImentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of Herbicides in Wetlands on Organic and Minimum‐Tillage Farms

2018

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“…The seven herbicides most frequently detected in prairie drinking water reservoirs were: 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], MCPA [(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid], dicamba [3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid], clopyralid [3,6-dichloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid], dichlorprop [2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid], mecoprop [2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid], and bromoxynil [3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile] (Donald et al, 2007). Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], a broad-spectrum, non-selective systemic herbicide, has also been detected in prairie wetlands (Messing et al, 2011). These herbicides, many of which were detected in prairie wetlands, lakes, and farm dugouts, are also among the most widely used in PPR for crop production (Byrtus, 2011;Ribo, 1986;Waiser and Holm, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of a herbicide mixture on primary and bacterial productivity in four prairie wetlands with varying salinities: An enclosure approach

Sura

Waiser

Tumber

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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“…2,4-D, mecoprop, dicamba, MCPA and bromoxynil were also detected in more than half of the samples collected across the two years (Table 2) 2,4-D, mecoprop, dicamba, MCPA and bromoxynil are post-emergent herbicides and hence used in the Prairies mainly from May to July, which is when the herbicides are predominantly detected in air and deposition samples at rural sites (Waite et al, 2005, Messing et al 2011). For example, for a rural site in Manitoba, bromoxynil, 2,4-D and MCPA were always detected in the weekly bulk deposition samples collected from late-May to late-July, but these herbicides were detected in 0% (bromoxynil), 29% (2,4-D) and 57% (MCPA) of the weekly samples collected from August to mid-September.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In bulk deposition studies conducted in rural areas of the Prairies (Chang et al, 2011;Humphries et al 2005;Messing et al, 2011;Quaghebeur et al, 2004), glyphosate was detected in 50 to 92% of the samples. Other herbicides that have been frequently detected in deposition samplers deployed in rural areas of the Prairies are 2,4-D, bromoxynil, dicamba and MCPA (Hill et al, 2003;Messing et al 2011;Rawn et al, 1999;Waite et al, 2005). The types and masses of herbicides detected in deposition samplers have been shown to vary between municipalities in the Prairies because of the influences of nearby pesticide use (Hill et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk Deposition of Pesticides in a Canadian City: Part 1. Glyphosate and Other Agricultural Pesticides

Farenhorst

Andronak

McQueen

2015

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Winnipeg is a city in the Canadian Prairies with a population of about 600,000. Like many other cities and towns in this region of Canada, the city is surrounded by agriculture. Weekly bulk deposition samples were collected from May to September in 2010 and 2011 and analyzed for forty-three pesticides used in Prairie agriculture. Fourteen herbicides, five herbicide metabolites, two insecticides and two fungicides were detected with 98.5% of the samples containing chemical mixtures. Glyphosate is the most widely used pesticide in Prairie agriculture and accounted for 65% of the total pesticide deposition over the two years. Seasonal glyphosate deposition was more than five times larger in 2011 (182 mm rain) than 2010 (487 mm rain), suggesting increased glyphosate particulate transport in the atmosphere during the drier year.The seasonal deposition of ten other frequently herbicides was significantly positively correlated with the amount of herbicides applied both in and around Winnipeg (r=0.90, P<0.001) and with agricultural herbicide use around Winnipeg (r=0.63, P=0.05), but not with agricultural herbicide use province wide (p=0.23). Herbicides 2,4-D, dicamba, and mecoprop had known urban applications and were more consistently detected in samples relative to bromoxynil and MCPA whose frequency of detections decreased throughout August and September. The Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for irrigation water were frequently exceeded for both dicamba (75%) and MCPA (49%) concentrations in rain. None of glyphosate concentrations in rain exceeded any of the Canadian Water Quality Guidelines established for this herbicide.

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Predicting wetland contamination from atmospheric deposition measurements of pesticides in the Canadian Prairie Pothole region

Cited by 47 publications

References 21 publications

Concentrations of Herbicides in Wetlands on Organic and Minimum‐Tillage Farms

Concentrations of Herbicides in Wetlands on Organic and Minimum‐Tillage Farms

Effects of a herbicide mixture on primary and bacterial productivity in four prairie wetlands with varying salinities: An enclosure approach

Bulk Deposition of Pesticides in a Canadian City: Part 1. Glyphosate and Other Agricultural Pesticides

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