Predicting who will progress to AIDS.

Moss, A. R.

doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6656.1067

Cited by 64 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…PROGNOSIS Several studies have attempted to define the factors that might be useful in predicting progression to disease (Table 33). Among the parameters suggested are high levels of 132-microglobulin, soluble IL-2 or TNF receptors, and soluble CD8 in blood; high levels of neopturin in the urine; low antibody titers to the p24 (p25) or p17 Gag proteins in serum; high levels of p25 (p24) antigen or infectious virus in blood; decreased dehydroepiandrosterone levels in serum; decreased delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions; and the common finding of low CD4+ cell counts (194,199,249,289,319,377,410,471,513,522,631,632,692,819,820,858,876,923,977,991,1067,1255,1330). The recent introduction of acid dissociation has increased the sensitivity of p25 antigen assays for these evaluations (82).…”

Section: Features Of Hiv Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Levy¹

1989

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

222

290

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Section: Features Of Hiv Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Levy¹

1989

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

222

290

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“…The significant relationships between activated T cells, sCD8 levels, and neopterin/p2-microglobulin levels suggest that these immune activation markers are interrelated and thus may not necessarily be inde pendent predictors of disease progression in HIV in fection, but instead may be copredictors as suggested by Moss [2]. No relationships were demonstrated be tween these markers and either CD4+/CD8 + ratios or absolute CD4+ cell numbers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…PrMicroglobulin and neopterin have been re ported to have value in predicting progression to AIDS in HIV antibody positive individuals [2,6,7]. Neopterin, a coenzyme involved in hydroxylation of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, is elevated in atypical phenylketonuria as well as in certain infec tious (including HIV infection), immunological, and malignant conditions [7,8], Its primary in vivo source is thought to be macrophages, especially after stimu lation by interferon gamma [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent interest in utilizing immune activation markers to prognosticate clinical development of acquired immunodeficiency syn drome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC) [2] has prompted us to examine the interrelationships be tween both cellular and serological markers of im mune activation in a population of IVDA who do not have AIDS or ARC. We have previously reported that the expression of DR on peripheral blood T lympho cytes is significantly higher in HIV antibody positive than in HIV antibody negative IVDA and that this difference of activated T cells is more significant than the difference in the helper cell concentrations in the two groups [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Close Relationships between Neopterin and Beta-2-Microglobulin Levels in Intravenous Drug Abusers

Lin

Nygren²,

Valinsky³

et al. 1990

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Serum from 36 intravenous drug abusers without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex were tested for concentrations of neopterin and β₂-microglobulin. The seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody in this group was 50%. Previous studies of this group showed that the HIV antibody positive patients had significant increases in HLA-DR expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes and increases in serum soluble CD8 antigen. Both neopterin and β₂-microglobulin concentrations were significantly higher in the HIV antibody seropositive patients compared to the seronegative patients (p = 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). A highly significant positive correlation between neopterin and β₂-microglobulin was found for the seropositive patients (r = 0.8879, p < 0.0001) as well as for the entire group (r = 0.6054, p = 0.0002). Significant positive correlations were also found between neopterin or β₂-microglobulin and the percent DR+ T cells and CD8 antigen levels, although these correlations were not as significant as that observed between neopterin and β₂-microglobulin. No relationships were found between neopterin or β₂-microglobulin and total CD4 cell concentrations or CD4/CD8 ratios. These data demonstrate the significant interrelationships between various immune activation markers in a population at risk for developing AIDS.

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“…Relationship between activation markers and CD4 count Absolute numbers of CD4+ lymphocytes were calculated for comparative purposes, since it is the best laboratory marker of disease severity [6][7][8] (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

T cell activation and disease severity in HIV infection

Mahalingam¹,

Peakman²,

Davies³

et al. 1993

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYIn vitro studies have indicated that T lymphocyte activation may be of importance in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. In order to define the role of immune activation in vivo, we assessed the expression of the T cell activation markers HLA-DR and CD25 by flow cytometry in peripheral blood in relation to disease severity and the surrogate markers CD4 and f2-microglobulin in 157 patients with HIV infection and 53 healthy seronegative blood donors. Percentage levels of CD3+HLA-DR+ T lymphocytes were significantly higher (P<0-0001) and percentage levels of CD3+CD25+ T lymphocytes significantly lower (P<0-0001) in all HIV+ patients compared with controls. A significant correlation was observed between increasing percentage levels of CD3+HLA-DR+ T lymphocytes and both declining CD4 counts (r=0-52; P< 0-001) and increasing f32-microglobulin levels (r=0-56; P<0-001). Percentage levels of CD4+HLA-DR+ and CD4+CD25+ lymphocytes were significantly higher in all HIV+ patients compared with controls (P < 0-00 1). Levels of activated (HLA-DR+ and CD25+) CD4+ lymphocytes showed a significant step-wise linear increase with increasing disease severity (P < 0001). High levels of CD3+HLA-DR+ T lymphocytes were found in a greater proportion (81-8%) of asymptomatic HIV+ patients (Centres for Disease Control (CDC) group II) than low CD4 counts (51-5%) (P<0-001). Compared with controls, HIV+ patients had higher percentage levels of CD8+HLA-DR+ lymphocytes (P<0-001), but similar levels of CD8+CD25+ lymphocytes. These results indicate that T cell activation is not only a consistent but also an early feature in HIV infection. Monitoring levels of activated T cells and their subsets is of value in assessing progression of HIV-related disease.

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Predicting who will progress to AIDS.

Cited by 64 publications

References 8 publications

Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Close Relationships between Neopterin and Beta-2-Microglobulin Levels in Intravenous Drug Abusers

T cell activation and disease severity in HIV infection

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