Prediction and Analysis of Digital Health Records, Geonomics, and Radiology Using Machine Learning

Abstract

Building different machine learning algorithms and their potential applications to enhance healthcare systems is very important. AI has countless uses in healthcare, including the analysis of medical data, early disease diagnosis and detection, evidence-based objectives to minimize human error, reducing errors between and among observers, risk identification and interventions for healthcare management, health monitoring in real-time, helping patients and clinicians choose the right medication, and assessing drug responses. Machine learning techniques have transformed many facets of healthcare, ranging from new tools that allow people to better control their health to new models that assist physicians in making more accurate decisions. Since the advent of the pacemaker and the first computerized records for blood test results and chest X-ray reports by Kaiser in the 1950s, physicians have seen the potential of algorithms to save lives. As new developments in image processing, deep learning, and natural language processing are revolutionizing the healthcare sector, this rich history of machine learning for healthcare feeds innovative research today.It is necessary to comprehend the human effects of machine learning, including transparency, justice, regulation, simplicity of deployment, and integration into clinical processes, in order to use it to enhance patient outcomes. The application of machine learning for risk assessment and diagnosis, illness progression modeling, enhancing clinical workflows, and precision medicine will be covered in this chapter, which starts with an introduction to clinical care and data. We shall include all methodological details for each of these covering topics like algorithmic fairness, causal inference, offpolicy reinforcement learning, interpretability of ML models, and the foundations of deep learning on imaging and natural language.Advances in AI and ML technologies have significantly improved the ability to forecast and recognize health emergencies, disease conditions, disease populations, and immunological responses, to name a few. Even though there is still doubt about the usefulness of ML-based techniques and how to interpret their findings in clinical contexts, their use is spreading quickly. Here, we provide a succinct introduction to machine learning-based methodologies and learning algorithms, such as reinforcement learning, supervised learning, and unsupervised learning, with examples. Subsequently, we explore the applications of machine learning (ML) in various healthcare domains such as genetics, neuroimaging, radiology, and electronic health records. Along with offering ideas for potential future uses, we also skim the surface regarding the dangers and difficulties associated with applying machine learning to the healthcare industry, including issues of privacy and ethics.