Prediction and Preparation: Pavlovian Implications of Research Animals Discriminating Among Humans

Davis, Hank

doi:10.1093/ilar.43.1.19

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In short, they come to believe that they know something about how a particular animal feels. These impressions of caregivers are supported by studies of Hank Davis and his group on the behavioral preferences of animals, in which they found that a variety of species have the ability to discriminate between individual human beings (Davis 2002). Furthermore, these animals frequently demonstrate a preference for a particular familiar person, which has been documented with sheep (Davis et al 1998) and rats (Davis et al 1997), among several other species.…”

Section: Relationships Between Caregivers and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Human-Animal Bonds in the Laboratory: How Animal Behavior Affects the Perspective of Caregivers

Chang¹,

Hart²

2002

ILAR Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Experiencing the human-animal bond in the laboratory context can potentially improve the quality of life of animals as well as increase job satisfaction for animal caregivers. With today s centralized facilities, caregivers generally focus entirely on providing routine care for animals without involvement in experimental procedures. Results of responses to a detailed and open-ended survey of 16 caregivers and five campus veterinarians at seven University of California campuses are presented, in addition to six interviews of additional caregivers and veterinarians. The survey revealed that these individuals became caregivers because of their attraction to the animals. Positive interactions with the animals were highly rewarding. Approximately half of the caregivers reported feeling less attracted to mice than other species. Job satisfaction could perhaps be increased by offering seminars for the research team that would include the caregivers and providing support related to animal deaths and euthanasia.

show abstract

Section: Relationships Between Caregivers and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Human-Animal Bonds in the Laboratory: How Animal Behavior Affects the Perspective of Caregivers

Chang¹,

Hart²

2002

ILAR Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…American crow | cognition | facial recognition | [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET imaging | learned fear A variety of species are able to discriminate between human faces (1)(2)(3), and this ability appears to be linked to neural integration of perception, emotion, and memory. Brain imaging studies have revealed that humans use a core recognition system in their sensory cortex (the posterior superior temporal sulcus, the inferior occipital gyrus, and the fusiform gyrus) networked with two extended systems that convey the historical (anterior paracingulate, posterior superior temporal sulcus/temporoparietal junction, anterior temporal cortex, precuneus, and posterior cingulate) and emotional (amygdala, insula, and striatum) significance of the person (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain imaging reveals neuronal circuitry underlying the crow’s perception of human faces

Marzluff¹,

Miyaoka

Minoshima

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Crows pay close attention to people and can remember specific faces for several years after a single encounter. In mammals, including humans, faces are evaluated by an integrated neural system involving the sensory cortex, limbic system, and striatum. Here we test the hypothesis that birds use a similar system by providing an imaging analysis of an awake, wild animal's brain as it performs an adaptive, complex cognitive task. We show that in vivo imaging of crow brain activity during exposure to familiar human faces previously associated with either capture (threatening) or caretaking (caring) activated several brain regions that allow birds to discriminate, associate, and remember visual stimuli, including the rostral hyperpallium, nidopallium, mesopallium, and lateral striatum. Perception of threatening faces activated circuitry including amygdalar, thalamic, and brainstem regions, known in humans and other vertebrates to be related to emotion, motivation, and conditioned fear learning. In contrast, perception of caring faces activated motivation and striatal regions. In our experiments and in nature, when perceiving a threatening face, crows froze and fixed their gaze (decreased blink rate), which was associated with activation of brain regions known in birds to regulate perception, attention, fear, and escape behavior. These findings indicate that, similar to humans, crows use sophisticated visual sensory systems to recognize faces and modulate behavioral responses by integrating visual information with expectation and emotion. Our approach has wide applicability and potential to improve our understanding of the neural basis for animal behavior.A variety of species are able to discriminate between human faces (1-3), and this ability appears to be linked to neural integration of perception, emotion, and memory. Brain imaging studies have revealed that humans use a core recognition system in their sensory cortex (the posterior superior temporal sulcus, the inferior occipital gyrus, and the fusiform gyrus) networked with two extended systems that convey the historical (anterior paracingulate, posterior superior temporal sulcus/temporoparietal junction, anterior temporal cortex, precuneus, and posterior cingulate) and emotional (amygdala, insula, and striatum) significance of the person (4). This network of brain regions that perceive and analyze faces is informed by ventral and dorsal visual pathways-the ventral enabling fine discrimination and the dorsal providing rapid, but coarse, emotional assessment (3). Brain mapping investigations on other species capable of human recognition are extremely limited; however, electrophysiological recordings in the visual cortex of domestic sheep and nonhuman primates have indicated the presence of neurons that respond to human facial information (5).We demonstrated previously that free-ranging American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) discriminate among humans based on facial characteristics, but we could only speculate on the neural basis for this behavior (1, 6). Because bi...

show abstract

“…As described elsewhere in this issue (Chang and Hart 2002;Davis 2002;Herzog 2002;Iliff 2002;Russow 2002), the bond that develops between staff and animals in the laboratory involves a variety of species used in diverse projects with differing outcomes for the animals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Human-Research Animal Bond and Its Impact on Animal Well-being

Bayne¹

2002

ILAR Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For millennia, relationships have developed between animals and people through the context of work, sport, companionship, or some combination of these activities. Often, a bond between animal and human results, which is based on affection and/or respect. In the research environment, it is not uncommon for a bond to develop between the investigator, veterinarian, and/or animal care technicians and the animals with which they work; and such a bond can be just as strong for a mouse as it is for a dog. Circumstances that foster the formation of these bonds include the close and frequent contact between the researchers and their animals during studies or during training of animals to particular tasks, the long periods of time many research animals live in the facilities (often years), the dependency of the animals on the animal care staff for their daily needs, and the veterinarian/patient relationship, which is not unlike that of private practitioners and client-owned animals. In addition, overlaying the fundamental relationship with the research animal are special bonds that can form with certain animals. Among those that engender a special attachment are animals that are particularly friendly, amusing, or intelligent; animals requiring extra supportive care; animals that show courage; animals that represent a milestone in a particular scientific advancement; and animals that reflect humans' own strengths and foibles. The development of these relationships is enriching to both personnel and animals inasmuch as people who care about their animals are committed to promoting and ensuring the well-being of those animals.

show abstract

Prediction and Preparation: Pavlovian Implications of Research Animals Discriminating Among Humans

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Human-Animal Bonds in the Laboratory: How Animal Behavior Affects the Perspective of Caregivers

Human-Animal Bonds in the Laboratory: How Animal Behavior Affects the Perspective of Caregivers

Brain imaging reveals neuronal circuitry underlying the crow’s perception of human faces

Development of the Human-Research Animal Bond and Its Impact on Animal Well-being

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About