Prediction Error Associated with the Perceptual Segmentation of Naturalistic Events

Zacks, Jeffrey M.; Kurby, Christopher A.; Eisenberg, Mark; Haroutunian, Nayiri

doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00078

Cited by 172 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These results clearly extend the finding of Zacks et al (2011), who showed that predicting the near future is impaired at event boundaries. In the Zacks et al study it was not possible to differ entiate between different kinds of event boundaries because the stimulus material consisted of continuous films of everyday ac tions like washing a car.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Changes in situation models modulate processes of event perception in audiovisual narratives.

Huff¹,

Meitz

Papenmeier³

2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Humans understand text and film by mentally representing their contents in situation models. These describe situations using dimensions like time, location, protagonist, and action. Changes in 1 or more dimensions (e.g., a new character enters the scene) cause discontinuities in the story line and are often perceived as boundaries between 2 meaningful units. Recent theoretical advances in event perception led to the assumption that situation models are represented in the form of event models in working memory. These event models are updated at event boundaries. Points in time at which event models are updated are important: Compared with situations during an ongoing event, situations at event boundaries are remembered more precisely and predictions about what happens next become less reliable. We hypothesized that these effects depend on the number of changes in the situation model. In 2 experiments, we had participants watch sitcom episodes and measured recognition memory and prediction performance for event boundaries that contained a change in 1, 2, 3, or 4 dimensions. Results showed a linear relationship: the more dimensions changed, the higher recognition performance was. At the same time, participants' predictions became less reliable with an increasing number of dimension changes. These results suggest that updating of event models at event boundaries occurs incrementally.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Changes in situation models modulate processes of event perception in audiovisual narratives.

Huff¹,

Meitz

Papenmeier³

2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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“…For example in the Western tonal system, moving away from a tonic chord develops tension but returning to the tonic creates release (Huron, 2006;Meyer, 1989). This idea led to the prediction that the BG would have a role in processing predictions and violation of predictions in music, similar to their role in other cognitive domains (Kranjec, Cardillo, Schmidt, Lehet, & Chatterjee, 2012;Zacks, Kurby, Eisenberg, & Haroutunian, 2011;Bahlmann, Schubotz, Mueller, Koester, & Friederici, 2009;Lohrenz, McCabe, Camerer, & Montague, 2007). Furthermore, theories of music learning argue tonal systems are primarily learned through experience (Krumhansl & Cuddy, 2010;Pearce et al, 2009;Tillman, 2008), which is consistent with the plasticity of the BG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Corticostriatal Contributions to Musical Expectancy Perception

Seger¹,

Spiering²,

Sares³

et al. 2013

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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This study investigates the functional neuroanatomy of harmonic music perception with fMRI. We presented short pieces of Western classical music to nonmusicians. The ending of each piece was systematically manipulated in the following four ways: Standard Cadence (expected resolution), Deceptive Cadence (moderate deviation from expectation), Modulated Cadence (strong deviation from expectation but remaining within the harmonic structure of Western tonal music), and Atonal Cadence (strongest deviation from expectation by leaving the harmonic structure of Western tonal music). Music compared with baseline broadly recruited regions of the bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Parametric regressors scaled to the degree of deviation from harmonic expectancy identified regions sensitive to expectancy violation. Areas within the BG were significantly modulated by expectancy violation, indicating a previously unappreciated role in harmonic processing. Expectancy violation also recruited bilateral cortical regions in the IFG and anterior STG, previously associated with syntactic processing in other domains. The posterior STG was not significantly modulated by expectancy. Granger causality mapping found functional connectivity between IFG, anterior STG, posterior STG, and the BG during music perception. Our results imply the IFG, anterior STG, and the BG are recruited for higher-order harmonic processing, whereas the posterior STG is recruited for basic pitch and melodic processing.

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“…Since probabilities of these different action options differ, the selection process may be realized by a Bayesian function of probabilistically weighted forward models (Körding and Wolpert, 2006). Moreover, purely stimulustriggered recognition implies a process following the stimulus, whereas the notion of predictive perception (Bubic et al, 2009;Grush, 2004;Schiffer and Schubotz, 2011;Zacks et al, 2011) means preparation for early selection among available cues. Here, a frontal top-down signal of transiently enhanced control or selection mechanisms would be expected (Miller and Cohen, 2001;O'Reilly et al, 2002;Ridderinkhof et al, 2004a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fraction of an action is more than a movement: Neural signatures of event segmentation in fMRI

Schubotz¹,

Korb²,

Schiffer³

et al. 2012

NeuroImage

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Prediction Error Associated with the Perceptual Segmentation of Naturalistic Events

Cited by 172 publications

References 43 publications

Changes in situation models modulate processes of event perception in audiovisual narratives.

Changes in situation models modulate processes of event perception in audiovisual narratives.

Corticostriatal Contributions to Musical Expectancy Perception

The fraction of an action is more than a movement: Neural signatures of event segmentation in fMRI

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