Prediction methods of skin burn for performance evaluation of thermal protective clothing

Zhai, Lina; Li, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.burns.2015.02.019

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The heat information is then used as input into numerical models for temperature change and burn injury prediction. 8 Most of the sensors use copper as temperature detecting material. 9,10 Other sensor types use materials such as Colorceran 11 and epoxy resin in order to simulate the thermal inertia properties of skin surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the ASTM model, the heat conduction equation (Equation ) was used to describe the temperature field of the skin, while in the ISO model, the Pennes bio‐heat transfer equation (Equation ) was used. The models were developed in Matlab by using the finite difference method, for which the details can be found in our previous studies . The time step was 0.02 seconds, and the mesh size was 5 μm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The models were developed in Matlab by using the finite difference method, for which the details can be found in our previous studies. 8,26 The time step was 0.02 seconds, and the mesh size was 5 μm.…”

Section: Application Of the Multi-layered Skin Simulantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principle of the method is to replace human skin with a sensor for data collecting of incident heat intensities and accumulated energy on skin surface. The heat information is then used as input into numerical models for temperature change and burn injury prediction . Most of the sensors use copper as temperature detecting material .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a multi‐layered skin simulant for burn injury evaluation of protective fabrics exposed to low radiant heat

Zhai

Spano

2018

Fire and Materials

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Summary To simulate temperature rise of human skin and to predict burn injury during radiant heat exposure, the traditional method is to use a sensor to simulate skin surface and use a numerical model to simulate heat transfer in inner skin. However, the numerical models of skin burns are based on few experimental data of nude skin and some simplifications of human skin characteristics. In this study, a new multi‐layered skin simulant is presented for low radiant heat exposures up to 15 kW/m2. The skin simulant has implanted thermocouples into layered polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) materials with controlled thermal properties and thicknesses of the skin layers. The multi‐layered skin simulant developed in this study has a good reproducibility for temperature measurements with similar temperature rise profiles compared with human skin except at skin surface. For burn injury prediction, the results of our PDMS skin model can be linearly corrected using ASTM model as a reference. Our developed skin simulant provides an advanced method to directly simulate the heat transfer inside human skin in a multi‐layered structure rather than using the combined physical sensor‐numerical model in the traditional way.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Of the Multi-layered Skin Simulantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a multi‐layered skin simulant for burn injury evaluation of protective fabrics exposed to low radiant heat

Zhai

Spano

2018

Fire and Materials

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“…Based on Henriques' burn injury model and the Arrhenius rate equation, the degree of skin burn is determined by the interface temperatures of epidermis/dermis and dermis/subdermis . Torvi and Dale conducted a sensitivity study of burn prediction and found that burn injury results are sensitive and highly depended on the interface temperature changes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on different finite difference methods at skin interface for burn prediction in protective clothing evaluation

Zhai

Camenzind

et al. 2017

Fire and Materials

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Summary For protective clothing evaluation by using the flame engulfment method, a skin burn injury model is required to predict burn degree of the covered skin. By applying finite difference methods, 2 numerical methods are compared. One is based on equivalent heat intensity; the other is based on the law of conservation of energy. In this study, skin temperature rise is compared between these 2 methods by using homogeneous skin properties as well as the analytical solutions. Differences between these 2 methods in application of measured heat exposure tests data are also explored. The results show that assuming equivalent heat intensity at the skin layer interfaces overestimates severity of burn injury. Burn injury time is sensitive to the investigated numerical methods, especially for third‐degree burns. The differences of the 2 methods can be reduced by optimization of the grid size using the test cases described in ASTM F1930. A detailed description of requirements regarding applicable numerical methods in future revisions of the relevant standards is recommended. The finite difference model applied in this paper can act as an effective tool to predict temperature distribution in the skin as well as predict burn injury for evaluation of thermal protective clothing.

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Phase-Lag Models

Zhmakin

2023

Non-Fourier Heat Conduction

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Prediction methods of skin burn for performance evaluation of thermal protective clothing

Cited by 34 publications

References 61 publications

Development of a multi‐layered skin simulant for burn injury evaluation of protective fabrics exposed to low radiant heat

Development of a multi‐layered skin simulant for burn injury evaluation of protective fabrics exposed to low radiant heat

Study on different finite difference methods at skin interface for burn prediction in protective clothing evaluation

Phase-Lag Models

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