Prediction of blast-induced ground vibrations via genetic programming

Prediction of ground vibration due to quarry blasting based on gene expression programming: a new model for peak particle velocity prediction

“…Unlike GP and GA techniques that have been widely applied in the field of rock mechanics and mining engineering (Baykasoglu et al 2008;Ozbek et al 2013;Güllü 2012;Ahangari et al 2015;Dindarloo 2015a), GEP is not yet a well-established technique in the mentioned fields. GEP is the developed version of GP and GA and can surmount their shortcomings such as difficulties of applying genetic operators on trees (Ferreira 2001;Baykasoglu et al 2008;Teodorescu and Sherwood 2008).…”

“…The structure of individuals in GEP is somehow a combination of two previous algorithms. In GEP, similar to GA, individuals are considered as linear chromosomes with the fixed length and similar to GP, they can be shown in tree structure with different sizes and shapes called expression tree (ET) (Ferreira 2001;Zhou et al 2003;Kayadelen 2011;Güllü 2012;Dindarloo 2015a). GEP algorithm consists of five main components namely terminal set, function set, fitness function, operator(s), and stop condition.…”

“…Nevertheless, in the blasting operations, a large amount of explosive energy is wasted to create environmental impacts like flyrock, ground vibration, air overpressure, and back break which can affect surrounding area Singh 2006, 2007;Khandelwal and Kankar 2011;Ebrahimi et al 2015). Among these environmental issues, ground vibration is recognized as an undesirable phenomenon which may lead to damage to surrounding structures, adjacent rock masses, roads, underground workings, slopes, railroads, the existing ground water conduits, and the ecology of the nearby area (Singh and Singh 2005;Toraño et al 2006;Ozer et al 2008;Verma and Singh 2011;Faramarzi et al 2014;Dindarloo 2015a). Hence, proper estimation of ground vibration may minimize/reduce the blasting environmental problems.…”

“…Singh 2011, 2013a;Hudaverdi 2012). In these techniques, some other input parameters related to blasting design, rock mass properties, and explosive material were utilized for ground vibration prediction (e.g., Singh and Singh 2005;Khandelwal and Singh 2009;Hajihassani et al 2015b;Dindarloo 2015a). However, the implementation of statistical techniques is not reliable if new available data are different from the original ones (Khandelwal and Singh 2009;Mohamed 2011;Verma and Maheshwar 2014).…”

“…Ahangari et al (2015) proposed two models, i.e., GEP and ANFIS to estimate settlement induced by tunneling and indicated the superiority of their developed GEP model compared to ANFIS predictive model in settlement prediction. More specifically, in the field of ground vibration prediction, a GEP technique was employed and proposed for prediction of the frequency of the adjacent ground vibrations in the study conducted by Dindarloo (2015a).…”