Prediction of Cervical Cancer Screening Using the Theory of Reasoned Action

Barling, Norman R.; Moore, Susan

doi:10.2466/pr0.1996.79.1.77

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In accordance with other studies, [12][13][14]30 physicians' identification of the presenting problem being a priority, lack of a reminder system, women's fear of the Pap test, and discomfort during mammography as barriers to cancer screening bring to the forefront the need for systemic restructuring and public health promotion efforts. For example, the time constraints of physicians and patients can be reduced by emphasizing the benefits of periodic health visits.…”

Section: Gender Analysis Of Cancer Screening 205supporting

confidence: 84%

Rural Physicians' Perspectives on Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening: A Gender-Based Analysis

Ahmad

Stewart²,

Cameron³

et al. 2001

Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine

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Several studies highlight the role of physicians in determining cervical and breast cancer screening rates, and some urban studies report higher screening rates by female physicians. Rural women in North America remain underscreened for breast and cervical cancers. This survey was conducted to determine if there were significant gender differences in practices and perceptions of barriers to breast and cervical cancer screening among rural family physicians in Ontario, Canada. One hundred ninety-one family physicians (response rate 53.1%) who practiced in rural areas, small towns, or small cities completed a mail questionnaire. The physicians' mean age was 44.4 years (SD 9.9), and mean number of years in practice was 16.6 years (SD 10.3). Over 90% of physicians reported that they were very likely to conduct a Pap test and clinical breast examination (CBE) during a periodic health examination, and they had high levels of confidence and comfort in performing these procedures. Male (68%) and female (32%) physicians were similar in their likelihood to conduct screening, levels of confidence and comfort, and knowledge of breast and cervical cancer screening guidelines. However, the self-reported screening rates for Pap tests and CBE performed during last year were higher for female than male physicians (p < 0.01). Male physicians reported they were asked more frequently by patients for a referral to another physician to perform Pap tests and CBE (p < 0.001). Also, male physicians perceived patients' embarrassment as a stronger barrier to performing Pap tests (p < 0.05) and CBE (p < 0.01) than female physicians. No gender differences were observed in screening rates or related barriers to mammography referrals. These findings suggest that physicians' gender plays a role in sex-sensitive examination, such as Pap tests and CBE. There is a need to facilitate physician-patient interactions for sex-sensitive cancer screening examinations by health education initiatives targeting male physicians and women themselves. The feasibility of providing sex-sensitive cancer screening examinations by a same-sex health provider should also be explored.

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Section: Gender Analysis Of Cancer Screening 205supporting

confidence: 84%

Rural Physicians' Perspectives on Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening: A Gender-Based Analysis

Ahmad

Stewart²,

Cameron³

et al. 2001

Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine

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“…They were selected because components of these models have been useful in predicting Papanicolaou smear screening beliefs and behaviors. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] The health belief model hypothesizes that preventive health behavior depends on the desire to avoid illness and the belief that a specific health action will prevent illness. Its dimensions include perceived susceptibility to illness, perceived severity of an illness or of leaving it untreated, perceived benefits of recommended actions to prevent or treat a disease, and perceived barriers to following recommendations.…”

Section: Participants and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other investigators have demonstrated that components of these models are useful in predicting adult women's cervical cancer screening beliefs and behavior. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] These studies provide valuable information, but have addressed only the beliefs and behaviors of young adult and adult women. In our analysis, although each model provided insight into the predictors of Papanicolaou smear follow-up, no single theory emerged as explanatory.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beliefs About Papanicolaou Smears and Compliance With Papanicolaou Smear Follow-up in Adolescents

Kahn

Chiou²,

Allen³

et al. 1999

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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Objective: To explore qualitatively adolescent girls' understanding of Papanicolaou smears and barriers to compliance with Papanicolaou smear follow-up appointments.Design: Qualitative analysis, using 3 focus groups and 15 in-depth, semistructured individual interviews.Setting: Adolescent Clinic and Young Parents' Program at Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass. Main Outcome Measures:Beliefs and attitudes about Papanicolaou smears and barriers to compliance with Papanicolaou smear follow-up.Results: The mean (±SD) age of the 15 interview participants was 18.7 (±1.9) years. Knowledge about Papanicolaou smears and pelvic examinations was poor. Most participants believed that their peers receive Papanicolaou smear screening and perceived teenagers to be susceptible to cervical cancer. Perceived benefits to getting Papanicolaou smears were prevention and early detection or diagnosis, and reported barriers included pain or discomfort, embarrassment, fear of finding a problem, fear of the unknown, denial, poor communication or rapport with the provider, not wanting to look for trouble, lack of knowledge, and peers' advice. Participant-generated strategies for how providers could overcome barriers to Papanicolaou smear screening included education and the development of trusting, consistent relationships with providers. Participant-generated strategies for how providers could enhance appointment-keeping among adolescents included telephone and written reminders.Conclusions: These data support a behavioral theorybased model of adolescent compliance with Papanicolaou smear follow-up, which may help to develop strategies to enhance compliance with Papanicolaou smear follow-up appointments. These strategies include providing in-depth education about Papanicolaou smears, addressing barriers to Papanicolaou smear follow-up, focusing on appropriate provider behaviors, and instituting an appointment reminder system.

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“…(3) A bivariate statistical relationship between cognitions and intention (or behaviour) had to be retrievable. Where reports did not include relevant statistics (e.g., Barling & Moore, 1996), the authors of the study were contacted and requests were made for bivariate associations.…”

Section: Literature Review and Inclusion/exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

How well do the theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behaviour predict intentions and attendance at screening programmes? A meta-analysis

Cooke

French

2008

Psychology & Health

271

196

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Meta-analysis was used to quantify how well the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour have predicted intentions to attend screening programmes and actual attendance behaviour. Systematic literature searches identified 33 studies that were included in the review. Across the studies as a whole, attitudes had a large-sized relationship with intention, while subjective norms and perceived behavioural control (PBC) possessed medium-sized relationships with intention. Intention had a medium-sized relationship with attendance, whereas the PBC-attendance relationship was small sized. Due to heterogeneity in results between studies, moderator analyses were conducted. The moderator variables were (a) type of screening test, (b) location of recruitment, (c) screening cost and (d) invitation to screen. All moderators affected theory of planned behaviour relationships. Suggestions for future research emerging from these results include targeting attitudes to promote intention to screen, a greater use of implementation intentions in screening information and examining the credibility of different screening providers.

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Prediction of Cervical Cancer Screening Using the Theory of Reasoned Action

Abstract: Rates of Pap smears among 72 adult women were shown to be suboptimal and predicted indirectly by attitudes and subjective norms. Women perceived these examinations to be unpleasant and embarrassing.

Cited by 19 publications

References 2 publications

Rural Physicians' Perspectives on Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening: A Gender-Based Analysis

Rural Physicians' Perspectives on Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening: A Gender-Based Analysis

Beliefs About Papanicolaou Smears and Compliance With Papanicolaou Smear Follow-up in Adolescents

How well do the theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behaviour predict intentions and attendance at screening programmes? A meta-analysis

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