“…Anthropogenic activities, such as the development, maintenance, and expansion of roads and railway connections, trade and tourism, and natural processes that occur via air, water, and wild animals, are known to be major vectors for the dispersal of invasive weeds across the world, including in and to South Korea [ 6 , 11 , 29 ]. In South Korea, crop fields, orchards, pastures, and forests are at a high risk of invasion by invasive weeds [ 27 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Altogether, 320 taxa of invasive and alien plants were listed in South Korea in 2016, of which more than 95% are invasive weeds.…”