Prediction of Climate-Specific Degradation Rate for Photovoltaic Encapsulant Discoloration

Sinha, Archana; Gopalakrishna, H. S.; Subramaniyan, Arun Bala; Jain, Deepak; Oh, Jaewon; Jordan, Dirk; TamizhMani, GovindaSamy

doi:10.1109/jphotov.2020.2989182

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Recent studies instead reaffirm that additive interactions and/or the decomposition of certain components (including those identified in earlier work, but also, importantly, the UV absorber) are the primary contributors to discoloration in present encapsulant formulations 28 . The activation energy, in the order of 30–60 kJ·mol −1 , has been identified for the discoloration of EVA 28–30 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…28 The activation energy, in the order of 30-60 kJÁmol À1 , has been identified for the discoloration of EVA. [28][29][30] For traditional glass/backsheet modules using monofacial Si cells, the PV industry has recently adopted a UV-transmitting encapsulant in front of the cell to realize $1% greater power production (including the external quantum efficiency of the cell) from light no longer blocked by the UV absorber. 31 It is presently unclear if the encapsulant behind the cell will also be replaced with a UV transmitting formulation for bifacial Si modules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation in photovoltaic encapsulant transmittance: Results of the second PVQAT TG5 artificial weathering study

Morse

Thuis

Holsapple

et al. 2022

Progress in Photovoltaics

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The optical degradation of encapsulants from ultraviolet (UV) radiation has historically resulted in a significant loss in performance throughout the life of a photovoltaic (PV) module. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) test methods have recently been developed to screen for PV encapsulants prone to loss in optical performance. The present study was performed to benchmark polymeric packaging materials relative to IEC 62788‐1‐4 (covering the measurement of optical transmittance) and IEC 62788‐1‐7 (on the durability of transmittance), provide feedback toward improvement of the methods, and develop insight regarding optical degradation. Contemporary materials were examined, including poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA), thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), polyolefin elastomer (POE), and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) encapsulants; a poly(ethene‐co‐tetrafluoroethene)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ETFE/PET) transparent backsheet; and a polystyrene (PS) working reference material. The use of silica‐, specialty‐, and rolled‐glass was also compared in laminated coupons. Specimen size was separately examined from 2.5 to 12.5 cm. Weathering was performed with a xenon source, using IEC TS 62788‐7‐2 methods A2, A3, A4, and A5 (chamber temperature of 55°C, 65°C, 75°C, or 85°C), respectively. Characterizations were made using a UV–visible–near‐infrared (UV–VIS–NIR) spectrophotometer (transmittance and reflectance, with and without an integrating sphere), a UV–VIS fluorescence spectrophotometer, a camera, and an optical microscope. Performance was analyzed, including solar weighted transmittance, yellowness index, UV cut‐off wavelength, and haze (scattering). Separate Arrhenius analyses were performed to assess retention of transmittance and changes in yellowness index. The activation energy for both characteristics was found to range from 15–80 kJ·mol−1, with an average of 48 kJ·mol−1, similar to the average of 45 kJ·mol−1 identified in the previous international PV Quality Assurance Task Force (PVQAT) Task Group 5 (TG5) study of more traditional encapsulants. The separate degradation modes of discoloration and scattering were distinguished in the encapsulants using a comprehensive spectral characterization. Based on these results, the IEC 62788‐1‐7 pass/fail criteria of 5% change in transmittance was confirmed to identify a known bad encapsulant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation in photovoltaic encapsulant transmittance: Results of the second PVQAT TG5 artificial weathering study

Morse

Thuis

Holsapple

et al. 2022

Progress in Photovoltaics

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“…This may result in localized cell damage and heating, which lowers the panel's overall power output. Several technologies, such as drone imaging, have been demonstrated to locate hotspots [38][39][40]. Light-induced deterioration: When solar cells are exposed to sunlight for a lengthy period of time, they lose efficiency.…”

Section: Degradation Analysis For Solar Pvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Degradation of Solar Photovoltaics: A Review of Aging Factors, Impacts, and Future Directions toward Sustainable Energy Management

et al. 2023

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The degradation of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is caused by a number of factors that have an impact on their effectiveness, performance, and lifetime. One of the reasons contributing to the decline in solar PV performance is the aging issue. This study comprehensively examines the effects and difficulties associated with aging and degradation in solar PV applications. In light of this, this article examines and analyzes many aging factors, including temperature, humidity, dust, discoloration, cracks, and delamination. Additionally, the effects of aging factors on solar PV performance, including the lifetime, efficiency, material degradation, overheating, and mismatching, are critically investigated. Furthermore, the main drawbacks, issues, and challenges associated with solar PV aging are addressed to identify any unfulfilled research needs. Finally, this paper provides new directions for future research, best practices, and recommendations to overcome aging issues and achieve the sustainable management and operation of solar energy systems. For PV engineers, manufacturers, and industrialists, this review’s critical analysis, evaluation, and future research directions will be useful in paving the way for conducting additional research and development on aging issues to increase the lifespan and efficiency of solar PV.

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“…Pengembangan implementasi EBT dapat direalisasikan dengan berbagai macam cara. Salah satu contoh adalah membangun pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS) [5][6] [7][8] [9]. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) telah membuka peluang kepada para pelanggan untuk membangun PLTS secara mandiri di atas bangunan masing-masing pelanggan.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Analisis Dampak Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Efisiensi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya FTI UII

Mubarok

Frasetyo²,

Nur’Aini³

2022

Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro

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Global warming is one of the problems facing the world today. One solution to this problem is to utilize new and renewable energy-based power plants (EBT). The contribution of this research is to analyze the use of energy produced by PLTS FTI UII, as well as the effect of climate change on the production of PLTS FTI UII. The research steps are collecting data, calculating the value of PV mini-grid efficiency, and conducting climate change analysis on PV mini-grid production. The research data is the amount of energy production and energy consumption of PLTS FTI UII for the period March 2017 to July 2022. Efficiency calculations are carried out by calculating the ratio of production and total capacity of PLTS. Analysis of the effect of climate change on PV mini-grid energy production is to compare the GHI potential data with the total production of PV mini-grid each year. The results of the study show that the lowest level of production and efficiency of PLTS is in 2018 and the highest is in 2019. The factor that affects the low efficiency is the occurrence of many problems in 2018 so that it requires a lot of maintenance processes. This process will affect the production of PLTS so that the conversion process of solar energy decreases. Furthermore, the factor that causes the low efficiency is due to global warming which causes the climate to become uncertain and the production of carbon dioxide increases. Thus, energy production in PLTS decreases. From some of these analyzes, it can be concluded that the factors causing the decline in production and efficiency in the PLTS FTI UII system are the excessive and long maintenance process of the PLTS system, as well as climate change that occurs around the PLTS FTI UII system. The results of this study can be used for the evaluation process of the development of the PLTS FTI UII system in the future. Pemanasan global merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi dunia saat ini. Salah satu solusi terhadap permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan memanfaatkan pembangkit listrik berbasis energi baru dan terbarukan (EBT). Kontribusi penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pemanfaatan energi yang dihasilkan oleh PLTS FTI UII, serta pengaruh perubahan iklim terhadap produksi PLTS FTI UII. Langkah penelitian yaitu pengumpulan data, perhitungan nilai efisiensi PLTS, serta melakukan analisis perubahan iklim terhadap produksi PLTS. Data penelitian adalah jumlah produksi energi serta konsumsi energi PLTS FTI UII dengan periode Maret 2017 sampai Juli 2022. Perhitungan efisiensi dilakukan dengan cara menghitung rasio produksi dan total kapasitas PLTS. Analisis pengaruh perubahan iklim terhadap produksi energi PLTS adalah membandingkan data potensi GHI dengan total produksi PLTS di setiap tahun. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan tingkat produksi dan efisiensi terendah PLTS adalah tahun 2018 dan tertinggi tahun 2019. Faktor yang mempengaruhi rendahnya efisiensi adalah terjadinya banyak masalah pada tahun 2018 sehingga mengharuskan banyak proses pemeliharaan. Proses tersebut akan mempengaruhi produksi PLTS sehingga proses konversi energi matahari menjadi menurun. Selanjutnya, faktor yang menyebabkan rendahnya efisiensi tersebut dikarenakan adanya pemanasan global yang mengakibatkan iklim menjadi tidak menentu dan meningkatnya produksi karbon dioksida. Sehingga, produksi energi pada PLTS menjadi menurun. Dari beberapa analisis tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor-faktor penyebab menurunnya produksi dan efisiensi pada sistem PLTS FTI UII adalah proses pemeliharaan sistem PLTS yang terlalu banyak dan lama, serta perubahan iklim yang terjadi di sekitar sistem PLTS FTI UII. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk proses evaluasi pembangunan sistem PLTS FTI UII di masa depan.

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Prediction of Climate-Specific Degradation Rate for Photovoltaic Encapsulant Discoloration

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Degradation in photovoltaic encapsulant transmittance: Results of the second PVQAT TG5 artificial weathering study

Degradation in photovoltaic encapsulant transmittance: Results of the second PVQAT TG5 artificial weathering study

Investigation of Degradation of Solar Photovoltaics: A Review of Aging Factors, Impacts, and Future Directions toward Sustainable Energy Management

Analisis Dampak Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Efisiensi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya FTI UII

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