Prediction of Depression through Early Maladaptive Schemas

Fouladi, Mahdie

doi:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n1s1p602

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, the current findings are inconsistent with previous evidence that found significantly stronger associations between EMS and depressive symptoms among adolescent girls (Calvete & Cardeñoso, 2005) and female young adults (Camara & Calvete, 2012; Welburn et al ., 2002). One possible explanation is the skewed nature of gender data in most of the studies, with two studies (Eberhart et al, 2011; Fouladi, 2015) based on a female-only sample. In addition, the results were based on biologically assigned sexual categories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and depression in adolescence and young adulthood

2021

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Early maladaptive schemas (EMS) are broad, pervasive themes and patterns of emotions, memories, cognition and physical sensations that impede the goal of individuals. Maladaptive behaviours can occur as a response to maladaptive or negative schemas, often culminating in depression or anxiety. The current meta-analysis integrates the existing literature to estimate the magnitude of effect of association between EMS and depression among adolescents and young adults. A systematic search of seven different databases including Embase, CINAHL, Medline, ASSIA, Psych INFO, Scopus and Web of Science was carried out identifying 24 relevant studies of adolescents (10–18 years) and young adults (19–29 years). The random-effect model estimate for association between overall EMS and depression was r = 0.56 (95% CI 0.49–0.63, Z = 12.88, p ≤ 0.0001), suggesting higher predominant EMS significantly linked to higher levels of depressive symptoms, with a large effect size. Separate meta-analytical results with schema domains indicated moderately stronger associations between schemas of disconnection/rejection, impaired autonomy/performance and other-directedness with depression. Age and gender were not found to have any significant moderating effect on the associations. The findings suggest that it is vital for clinicians to identify specific maladaptive schemas contributing towards depression, to have a better understanding of underlying cognitive processes and in turn promote psychological health, well-being and resilience in adolescents and young adults. Furthermore, findings will also assist clinicians to focus more on the content of three significant schema domains, which emerged as particularly salient factors underlying adolescent depression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and depression in adolescence and young adulthood

2021

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“…Cognitive schemas have been shown to have an effect on the development of emotional and behavioral problems, but also on the development of individuals (Fischer et al 2016;Fouladi 2015;Wijk-Herbrink et al 2018;Kaya & Aydin, 2021). Thus, cognitive schemas can be considered to have a higher impact on anxious and avoidant attachment styles, as these two types tend to remain stuck in problematic or stressful situations (Janssen et al, 2002;Lopez et al, 2001).…”

Section: The Relationship Between Cognitive Schemas Attachment Style and Emotional Intelligencementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of cognitive schemas in the relationship between attachment style and emotional intelligence

Scarlat

2021

Studia Doctoralia

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The current study focuses on the idea that the relationship between attachment styles and emotional intelligence can be influenced by cognitive schemas. It is well known that the first interaction between the child and his mother lays the foundations of attachment. The extent to which it develops guides the individual throughout his life making him responsible for his own actions and decisions. In this way studying the three variables becomes the main objective of the study. The data were collected on an online form, using the snowball method by which subjects were able to share the questionnaire to acquaintances to gather a larger number of people. The study was attended by 281 people aged between 18 to 40 years, M = 21.98, SD = 4.10, of which, 52 were males (18.50%) and 229 females (81.50%), 134 were single (47.69%) and 147 were in a relationship (52.31%), 48 people come from single-parent families (17.08%) and 233 come from two-parent families (82.92%). The results were as expected, secure attachment constitutes a significant positive predictor of emotional intelligence while the anxious attachment was a significant negative predictor of emotional intelligence. The results also showed that avoidant attachment would be a significant positive predictor of emotional intelligence. Following the results it was observed that there is a mediation between cognitive schema and the relationship between attachment styles and emotional intelligence. The secure attachment style was significantly negatively associated with all three types of schemas as expected.

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Early maladaptive schemas and depression in adulthood: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Bishop

Younan²,

Low

et al. 2021

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Background Improved understanding of the specific cognitive risk factors associated with depression is needed to inform prevention and treatment approaches. Recent research has examined the relationship between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and depression, but the findings were yet to be integrated using meta‐analytic methods. The aim of this review was to synthesize the evidence on the relationship between depression and EMS. Method A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement, by searching the PsycINFO, PubMed and CINAHL databases. Included studies were peer‐reviewed journal articles that examined the relationship between one or more EMS and depression in adulthood in participants aged 18 years or older. Results A total of 51 studies were included (k = 743; pooled N = 17,830). All 18 EMSs were positively correlated with depression, with effect sizes ranging from small (r = .23 [.17, .29]; Entitlement) to large (r = .53 [.46, .60]; Social Isolation; r = .50, 95% CI [.45, .54]; Defectiveness/Shame). Conclusion The evidence suggests that individuals who feel like they do not belong, or that they are flawed, bad or unlovable, report higher levels of depression. However, most studies used cross‐sectional designs, and further longitudinal research is needed to establish the direction of the relationship between EMS and depression. These findings can guide preventative and treatment approaches. Focusing treatment on the Social Isolation and Defectiveness/Shame EMS may aid in relieving depressive symptoms.

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Prediction of Depression through Early Maladaptive Schemas

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

A meta-analysis of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and depression in adolescence and young adulthood

A meta-analysis of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and depression in adolescence and young adulthood

The role of cognitive schemas in the relationship between attachment style and emotional intelligence

Early maladaptive schemas and depression in adulthood: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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