Prediction of early- and long-term mortality in adult patients acutely admitted to internal medicine: NRS-2002 and beyond

Nutritional Status and Indicators of 2-Year Mortality and Re-Hospitalizations: Experience from the Internal Clinic Departments in Tertiary Hospital in Croatia

“…Depending on the country, selected population, health-care setting, and used diagnostic criteria, international studies report on the hospital malnutrition prevalence rates ranging from 20% to 50% [2]. What matters most is the fact that malnutrition seems to be independently associated with poor hospitalization outcomes, decreased early and late survival, more frequent hospital readmissions, as well as an increased cost of care [3][4][5][6][7]. Taking this into account, the latest clinical guidelines brought by the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN) propose that all subjects that come in contact with the health-care system should undergo malnutrition risk screening with a validated screening tool [8].…”

“…Several studies report on NRS-2002 as a strong, modifiable, and independent predictor of malnutrition associated mortality, length of stay (LOS), and adverse outcomes in different non-intensive care populations (e.g., surgical, internal, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hemodialysis) [9][10][11][12][13]. Nonetheless, many indicators of malnutrition risk (e.g., leucocyte count, serum albumin, C reactive protein (CRP), body mass, comorbidity index, food intake) have also been shown to correlate with clinical outcomes [7,[14][15][16][17]. However, even though there are several screening tools for malnutrition risk screening and nutritional assessment available, it seems that there is still no "gold standard" tool that can reliably and independently predict poor-nutrition-related outcomes [14].…”

Manejo nutricional para pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19: Uma revisão integrativa

“…Segundo a literatura, quando comparado com diferentes ferramentas de triagem nutricional, o NRS-2002 mostrou ser superior na identificação do risco de desnutrição durante a doença aguda 22 . Além disso, este é um método baseado em indicações de terapia nutricional relacionadas ao estado nutricional e necessidades nutricionais aumentadas diante da doença instalada 20 . Precedido pelo NRS 2002, o NUTRIC modificado foi o segundo instrumento mais utilizado, já que este foi desenvolvido especificamente para pacientes de UTI, assim, sendo mais específico para identificação do risco nutricional nesses pacientes 23 .…”

Acute Kidney Injury Incidence in Hospitalized Patients and Implications for Nutrition Support

“…Patients with a total score of >3 were considered at risk for malnutrition. 55,56 Earlier observational retrospective studies also found that the NRS-2002 has prognostic implications and is associated with short-term and long-term mortality 57,58 The assessment of nutrition status in hospitalized patients with AKI is multifaceted and should involve a multidisciplinary approach. Accurate determination of protein and energy needs is essential in this clinical setting because both overfeeding and underfeeding are associated with poor outcomes, such as increased morbidity, increased length of stay, and delayed recovery of renal function.…”

“…Patients with a total score of >3 were considered at risk for malnutrition 55,56 . Earlier observational retrospective studies also found that the NRS‐2002 has prognostic implications and is associated with short‐term and long‐term mortality 57,58 …”