Prediction of electrodeposition rates from an impinging jet

Li, Quan; Walker, James D.

doi:10.1002/aic.690420209

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Altering the angle of address also alters the hydrodynamic flow conditions and increases mass transport in the adjacent areas (Section 4.1.2). This is especially important in jet electrodeposition as it suppresses the diffusion layer, enabling greater limiting current densities and consequently, brighter finishes than achievable with a normal impinging jet [72].…”

Section: Nozzle Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Li and Walker [72] presented a comprehensive mathematical treatment of electrodeposition of gold from an impinging flat jet oriented at different angles with respect to the surface. The boundary of the electrolyte domain was calculated by employing an inviscid model for an impinging jet and viscous boundary layer theory was applied to calculate the shear stress and fluid velocity distribution in the vicinity of the cathode.…”

Section: Simulating Jet Electrodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electrochemical jet manufacturing technology: From fundamentals to application

Speidel¹,

Bisterov²,

Saxena³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture

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Section: Nozzle Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulating Jet Electrodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical jet manufacturing technology: From fundamentals to application

Speidel¹,

Bisterov²,

Saxena³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture

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“…In this study, Cu films were selectively electrodeposited using electrochemical jet processing (EJP), under ambient conditions. 21 Relatively high electrolyte impingement velocities (up to 30 m/s) suppress the diffusion layer and increase the surface cation supply rate. This enables a greater limiting current condition in comparison to conventional bath deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relatively high electrolyte impingement velocities (up to 30 m/s) suppress the diffusion layer and increase the surface cation supply rate. This enables a greater limiting current condition in comparison to conventional bath deposition . An operational schematic is shown in Figure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Activation of Electrochemical Seed Surfaces for Selective and Tunable Hydrophobic Patterning

Speidel

Murray

Bisterov

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Remarkable interfacial behaviors are observed in nature. Our efforts, directed toward replicating the structures, chemistries, and therefore functional properties of natural nonwetting surfaces, are competing with the result of billions of years of natural selection. The application of man-made surfaces is challenged by their poor longevity in aggressive environmental or applied service conditions. This study reports on a new approach for the creation of multiscale hierarchical surface patterns in metals, which exploits thermodynamic phenomena in advanced manufacturing processes. While hydrophobic coatings can be produced with relative ease by electrodeposition, these fractal-type structures tend to have poor structural integrity and hence are not durable. In this method, "seed surfaces" are directly written onto substrates by selective electrodeposition, after which they are irradiated by a large-area, pulsed electron beam to invoke a beading phenomenon, which is studied here. The length scale of these beads is shown to depend upon the melt time of the liquid metal. The created surfaces are shown to yield high water contact angles (145°) without subsequent chemical modification, and high adhesion properties reminiscent of the "rose petal" hydrophobic effect. The size and morphology and hence the hydrophobic effect of the surface beads generated are correlated with the thickness of the electrodeposited coating and hence the melt lifetime upon electron irradiation. This new rapid approach for tunable hydrophobic surface creation has applications for developing precision hydrophobic patterns and is insensitive to surface complexity.

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“…13 As long as the nozzle is placed close to the substrate, the electrodeposition is hydrodynamically limited to an area proportional to the width of the nozzle. 14 It is important to distinguish between submerged and unsubmerged jet systems. The main benefit of the unsubmerged system is to avoid the entrainment of the bulk fluid found in the submerged configuration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocodeposition of Nickel Nanocomposites Using an Impinging Jet Electrode

Thiemig

Bund

Talbot

2007

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The electrocodeposition of nickel alumina nanocomposites was investigated using an impinging jet electrode. The effects of jet flow rate, particle loading, and current density on the particle incorporation were studied. The amount of codeposited particles was determined using both electrogravimetric measurements and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. A maximum particle incorporation of about 5 wt % was found for a flow rate of 2.5 L min −1 and a current density of 10 A dm −2 . The microstructure of the coatings was investigated via X-ray diffraction. As a result of increasing current density and particle incorporation, a loss of ͑100͒ texture and a relative enhancement of the ͑111͒, ͑220͒, and ͑311͒ reflections appeared. The microhardness of the nickel films increased significantly with the inclusion of alumina nanoparticles.Metal matrix nanocomposite films can be cost-effectively prepared by means of electrocodeposition. 1 The inert, nanosized particles, ͑e.g., ceramics or organic materials͒ are suspended in a conventional plating bath and are subsequently embedded into the growing metal film. The quantity and distribution of incorporated particles depends on a variety of interactive variables, including particle characteristics ͑type, size, shape, and concentration͒, electrolyte composition ͑concentrations, additives, surfactants͒, operating conditions ͑hydrodynamics, ac or dc current, current density, pH, temperature͒ and particle-bath and particle-electrode interactions. [2][3][4] Bath agitation is usually necessary to maintain a dispersed suspension and to transport the particles to the cathode surface. Most studies on electrocodeposition have focused on a parallel plate electrode configuration because of its simplicity. However, due to the various ways of agitating the suspension, an analysis and comparison of hydrodynamics is almost impossible with this configuration. The control of hydrodynamics can be achieved by using a rotating cylinder ͑RCE͒ 5-7 or rotating disk electrode ͑RDE͒. 6,8,9 However, both the RCE and the RDE configurations are not typically a viable industrial method, because of their limitation of specific cathode shapes. Another promising way to control hydrodynamics is the impinging jet electrode ͑IJE͒ configuration. 10 The IJE provides the advantages of selective 11 and high-speed plating. 12 Furthermore, it is an attractive method to electrodeposit gradient coatings while controlling the volume fraction of particles by changing the jet velocity. 13 As long as the nozzle is placed close to the substrate, the electrodeposition is hydrodynamically limited to an area proportional to the width of the nozzle. 14 It is important to distinguish between submerged and unsubmerged jet systems. The main benefit of the unsubmerged system is to avoid the entrainment of the bulk fluid found in the submerged configuration. 15 There is little research on the electrocodeposition of nickel-based composites plated with an IJE. 13,16,17 Also, no systematic investigation of the effects of the plating paramete...

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Prediction of electrodeposition rates from an impinging jet

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Electrochemical jet manufacturing technology: From fundamentals to application

Electrochemical jet manufacturing technology: From fundamentals to application

Thermal Activation of Electrochemical Seed Surfaces for Selective and Tunable Hydrophobic Patterning

Electrocodeposition of Nickel Nanocomposites Using an Impinging Jet Electrode

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