Prediction of Excretion of Manure and Nitrogen by Holstein Dairy Cattle

Wilkerson, V. A.; Mertens, D.R.; Casper, D. P.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)76292-1

Cited by 118 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the present study, total N excretion was best predicted when foliage content in the diet and foliage NI were included as supporting predictors, and addition of each of these variables had a significant effect on the relationship. The R 2 value slightly increased to 0·92 and SE reduced to 0·217 from 0·233, which was similar to the finding of Yan et al (10) in beef cattle using NI, BW and forage proportion as predictors (R 2 0·92), and Wilkerson et al (27) with growing cattle using DM intake, dietary CP concentration, dietary NDF concentration and live BW as predictors (R 2 0·94) for N excretion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Aspects of nitrogen metabolism in sheep-fed mixed diets containing tree and shrub foliages

Patra

2009

Br J Nutr

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Data on N utilisation by sheep-fed diets containing foliages were analysed to develop prediction equations for N excretion in faeces (FN) and urine (UN), and to determine endogenous N excretion. Overall, 218 dietary treatments from forty-four publications were compiled in the database. This database was split into three subsets: without foliage in the diets (FL-0); foliage levels (FL) in between 0 and 310 g/kg (FL-L); FL in between 310 and 800 g/kg diets (FL-H) to study the effects of foliages on metabolic faecal N (MFN) and endogenous urinary N (EUN). Nitrogen intake (NI) as single independent factor was the best predictor of FN (R 2 0·75), UN (R 2 0·81) and total N excretion (R 2 0·86). Addition of dietary N concentration and FL for FN (R 2 0·82), dietary N concentration and foliage NI for UN (R 2 0·85), and FL and foliage NI for total N excretion (R 2 0·92) as supporting predictors to this relationship slightly increased R 2 values. The monomolecular and exponential models slightly improved the prediction of N excretion with NI as a predictor compared with the linear model. The excretion of MFN was greater for FL-H compared with FL-0, but was similar between FL-0 and FL-L, and FL-L and FL-H. However, EUN decreased in FL-H compared with FL-0 and FL-L, but was similar between FL-0 and FL-L. In conclusion, using NI as the primary predictor produced an accurate prediction of N excretion. Inclusion of foliages in the diets may shift N excretion from urine to faeces and increase the excretion of MFN and EUN. Tree foliage: Nitrogen metabolism: Prediction model: Endogenous nitrogen: SheepFoliages from trees and browses are the important feed resources for small ruminant production (1 -3) to enhancing the productivity of animals. Fodder trees are more particularly important in the arid and semi-arid regions because trees can survive harsh climatic conditions compared to grasses, and hence may be more reliable feed resources in these areas. These multipurpose tree foliages contain moderate levels of N, minerals and vitamins (1,2) , and have been suggested as a solution to feeding of ruminants in the tropical areas, especially as supplementary feeds to low-quality forages (3 -6) .Many models have been published, particularly in recent years, in an effort to reduce N excretion in the environment, to develop prediction equations for N excretion in faeces and urine and to increase the efficiency of utilisation of dietary N in dairy and beef cattle based on the dietary chemical composition (7 -11) , and sheep and goats based on blood urea N levels (12) . Although tree leaves contain moderate level of N, they also contain tannins and other secondary compounds that may influence intake and utilisation of nutrients. In particular, tannins bind dietary protein, which might affect N excretions and retention, thus affecting protein utilisation patterns. For instance, it has been proposed that foliages containing tannins could increase the excretion of metabolic faecal N (4) , and alter the N partitioning between faecal and uri...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Aspects of nitrogen metabolism in sheep-fed mixed diets containing tree and shrub foliages

Patra

2009

Br J Nutr

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“…The calculated intake of nitrogen by animals was reduced by the amount of nitrogen in animal products, under the assumption that the remaining nitrogen was excreted by the animal [7,8]. These values compare well with the literature [9,10,11,12]. The nitrogen excretion rates for pigs and poultry were taken from the Dutch literature [7,8] and are in line with other European values [13,14,15,16].…”

Section: Nitrogen Balance Sheet On Animal Productionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Nitrogen Efficiency in Agriculture in Europe and India

2001

The Scientific World JOURNAL

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Nitrogen balance sheets are useful tools for studying the quantitative aspects of nutrients. Nitrogen balance sheets have been prepared for the animal production system, crop production system, and for the agricultural sector as a whole for all 15 member states of the European Union (EU15) and for the Indian subcontinent. The EU15 and India were chosen for this study on nitrogen efficiency using balance sheets because they each occupy roughly 300 million ha of land and use about 65 kg nitrogen fertiliser per hectare of agricultural land. Balance sheets were constructed for three systems: animal production, crop production, and the agricultural sector as a whole. In addition to detailed descriptions of the nitrogen balance sheets, brief recommendations for reducing nitrogen surpluses are also given. Surprisingly, the balance sheets for crop production and the agricultural sector as a whole showed a surplus of about 60 kg of nitrogen per hectare of agricultural land.

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“…Lactating cows in the EMU database (Table 1) have milk production and composition records representative of an average dairy herd in North America (Wilkerson et al 1997). Dietary characteristics are similar to those recommended by the NRC (Wilkerson et al 1997).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The rise in milk production and the expansion of dairy herds have increased the need for strategies aimed at mitigating these negative environmental effects (Wilkerson et al 1997;St-Pierre and Thraen 1999). Quantitative tools for determining manure nutrient output and rate of nutrient release to the environment are of much importance in designing, implementing and evaluating such strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several models have been constructed to predict manure and nutrient excretions from dairy cows (Wilkerson et al 1997;Jonker et al 1998;Bannink et al 1999;Kauffman and St-Pierre 2001;ASAE 2005;Nennich et al 2005Nennich et al , 2006, they do not allow for detailed manure characterisation and are limited to dry matter (DM), N or mineral excretion prediction. Moreover, several of these extant models include potentially correlated predictor variables, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of mathematical models to predict volume and nutrient composition of fresh manure from lactating Holstein cows

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Organic compounds in dairy manure undergo a series of reactions producing pollutants such as ammonia and methane. Because various organic compounds have different reaction rates, the emissions could be accurately determined if amounts and concentrations of individual nutrients in manure are known. A set of empirical models were developed for predicting faecal and urinary water, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre output (kg/day) from lactating Holstein cows. Dietary nutrient contents, milk yield and composition, bodyweight, age and days in milk were used with or without dry matter intake (DMI) as potential predictor variables. Multi-collinearity, goodness of fit, model complexity, and random study and animal effects were taken into account during model development, which used 742 measured faecal or urinary nutrient output observations (kg/day). The models were evaluated with an independent dataset (n = 364). When DMI was used as a predictor variable, the models predicted faecal and urinary nutrient outputs successfully with root mean square prediction error as a percentage of average observed values (RMSPE%) ranging from 9.1% to 20.7%. All the predictions except urine output had RMSPE% ranging from 18.3% to 24.6% when DMI was not used. The nutrient output predictions were in reasonable agreement with observed values throughout the data range (systematic bias <14% of total bias). Fresh manure C : N ratio predictions were acceptable (RMSPE% = 14.3-15.2%) although the systematic bias were notable (17.1-20.7% of total bias). The models could be integrated successfully with process-based manure or soil models to assess nutrient transformation in dairy production systems.

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Prediction of Excretion of Manure and Nitrogen by Holstein Dairy Cattle

Cited by 118 publications

References 8 publications

Aspects of nitrogen metabolism in sheep-fed mixed diets containing tree and shrub foliages

Aspects of nitrogen metabolism in sheep-fed mixed diets containing tree and shrub foliages

Nitrogen Efficiency in Agriculture in Europe and India

Development of mathematical models to predict volume and nutrient composition of fresh manure from lactating Holstein cows

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