Prediction of future Alzheimer’s disease dementia using plasma phospho-tau combined with other accessible measures

Abstract

Plasma P-tau in combination with brief and accessible measures predict future AD dementia in two independent cohorts with high accuracy that is clearly superior to specialists' clinical diagnostic prediction.

Objective subtle cognitive decline and plasma phosphorylated tau181: Early markers of Alzheimer's disease‐related declines

“…Therefore, the aims of this study are to examine whether participants with Obj‐SCD show higher plasma p‐tau181 cross‐sectionally relative to CU participants and whether Obj‐SCD predicts future increases in plasma p‐tau181 concentrations. Additionally, given that plasma biomarkers and neuropsychological assessment are both potentially accessible methods of AD risk detection, and using combinations of markers may improve prediction compared to individual markers, 23 , 24 we examined whether the combination of Obj‐SCD plus elevated plasma p‐tau181 had added value in predicting longitudinal AD‐related outcomes such as amyloid accumulation, cognitive decline, and functional decline.…”

Millipore xMap® Luminex (HATMAG-68K): An Accurate and Cost-Effective Method for Evaluating Alzheimer's Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid

“…Finally, plasma AD biomarkers represent a more convenient and less invasive alternative to CSF biomarkers. Previous studies showedplasma p-tau181 (50, 51), p-tau217 (52,53), and p-tau231 (54) isoforms can correctly diagnose and predict AD in large studies. However, this is currently a very expensive technology and, unfortunately, it is not available in low and middle-income countries, where million people are living with dementia.…”

Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease: Promise or Challenge?

“…Plasma P-tau in combination with the other non-invasive markers showed a higher value in predicting AD dementia within 4 years, with respect to clinical-based prediction (AUC of 0.89-0.92 and 0.72, respectively). In addition, the biomarker combination showed similarly high predictive accuracy in both plasma and CSF, making plasma an effective alternative to CSF, thus providing a tool to improve the diagnostic potential in clinical practice [88].…”

“…Most of the AI models for AD are mainly built on biomarkers such as brain imaging, often with the use of Aβ and tau ligands, Aβ-or tau-PET, as well as biomarkers in CSF, which have high accuracy and predictive value; however, their invasive nature, high cost, and limited availability restrict their use to highly specialized centers [80][81][82][83]. A possible turning point has emerged with the recent development of ultra-sensitive methods for the detection of brain-derived proteins in blood, making it possible to measure NFL [84], Aβ42, and Aβ40 [85,86], and tau and P-tau in plasma [87,88]. The accuracy of plasma P-tau combined with other non-invasive biomarkers for predicting future AD dementia was recently evaluated in patients with mild cognitive symptoms from ADNI and the Swedish BioFINDER cohort, including patients with repeated examinations and clinical assessments over a period of 4 years to ensure a clinical diagnosis (https://biofinder.se/ accessed on 30 May 2021).…”

“…The prediction included not only the discrimination between progression to AD dementia and stable cognitive symptoms, but also versus progression to other forms of dementia. The accuracy of plasma biomarkers was compared with corresponding markers in CSF, and with the diagnostic prediction of expert physicians in memory clinics, based on the assessment at baseline of extensive clinical assessments, cognitive testing, and structural brain imaging [88]. Plasma P-tau in combination with the other non-invasive markers showed a higher value in predicting AD dementia within 4 years, with respect to clinical-based prediction (AUC of 0.89-0.92 and 0.72, respectively).…”