As China's energy demand continues to rise and the energy supply gap is increasing, engines are the main source of power for transportation vehicles, and the exhaust gas energy emitted from engines has a high recycling value, and it is important to use exhaust gas energy for power generation. This paper analyses engine exhaust data based on data fusion theory to address the problem of engine exhaust gas utilisation. This paper uses data fusion to filter and fuse multi-dimensional engine exhaust gas monitoring and sensing data, establish an engine exhaust gas power generation system, use exhaust gas turbocharging technology to utilise exhaust gas energy, and improve engine performance and exhaust gas emission characteristics through exhaust gas reforming and hydrogen recirculation.