Prediction of In Vivo Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production in Hindgut Fermenting Mammals: Problems and Pitfalls

Millet, Sam; Oeckel, M.J. Van; Aluwé, Marijke; Delezie, Evelyne; Brabander, D.L. De

doi:10.1080/10408390802565939

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…SCFAs are the principal end products of bacterial fermentation [20]. The antimicrobial effects of SCFAs result mainly from the un-dissociated form of SCFAs [21], [22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermentation of Propionibacterium acnes, a Commensal Bacterium in the Human Skin Microbiome, as Skin Probiotics against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2013

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Bacterial interference creates an ecological competition between commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Through fermentation of milk with gut-friendly bacteria, yogurt is an excellent aid to balance the bacteriological ecosystem in the human intestine. Here, we demonstrate that fermentation of glycerol with Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a skin commensal bacterium, can function as a skin probiotic for in vitro and in vivo growth suppression of USA300, the most prevalent community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). We also promote the notion that inappropriate use of antibiotics may eliminate the skin commensals, making it more difficult to fight pathogen infection. This study warrants further investigation to better understand the role of fermentation of skin commensals in infectious disease and the importance of the human skin microbiome in skin health.

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“…SCFAs are the principal end products of bacterial fermentation [20]. The antimicrobial effects of SCFAs result mainly from the un-dissociated form of SCFAs [21], [22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermentation of Propionibacterium acnes, a Commensal Bacterium in the Human Skin Microbiome, as Skin Probiotics against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2013

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“…Thus depletion of Clostridium OTU#199 from the mucosally-adherent microbiota may reduce the production of butyrate and its anti-carcinogenic effects, resulting in enhanced tumorigenesis in AOM/ Il10 −/− mice. Butyrate and other short chain fatty acids are notoriously difficult to measure in vivo 61, however, if this hypothesis is correct, restoring the availability of butyrate in the intestine via prebiotic and/or novel probiotic supplementation with Clostridium could reveal a novel means by which to protect against IBD and CRC. Future studies will be necessary to determine if supplementation with any of the numerous bacteria represented by OTU#199 can promote protection or prevent VSL#3-induced enhancement of tumorigenesis in the AOM/ Il10 −/− model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VSL#3 probiotic modifies mucosal microbial composition but does not reduce colitis-associated colorectal cancer

Arthur¹,

Gharaibeh

Uronis³

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

107

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Although probiotics have shown success in preventing the development of experimental colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC), beneficial effects of interventional treatment are relatively unknown. Here we show that interventional treatment with VSL#3 probiotic alters the luminal and mucosally-adherent microbiota, but does not protect against inflammation or tumorigenesis in the azoxymethane (AOM)/Il10−/− mouse model of colitis-associated CRC. VSL#3 (109 CFU/animal/day) significantly enhanced tumor penetrance, multiplicity, histologic dysplasia scores, and adenocarcinoma invasion relative to VSL#3-untreated mice. Illumina 16S sequencing demonstrated that VSL#3 significantly decreased (16-fold) the abundance of a bacterial taxon assigned to genus Clostridium in the mucosally-adherent microbiota. Mediation analysis by linear models suggested that this taxon was a contributing factor to increased tumorigenesis in VSL#3-fed mice. We conclude that VSL#3 interventional therapy can alter microbial community composition and enhance tumorigenesis in the AOM/Il10−/− model.

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“…Furthermore, stool SCFA concentration is not an accurate measure of in vivo SCFA production due to the effect of colonic transit time on SCFA absorption52 and stool volume on SCFA dilution,53 leading to variations across IBS subtypes 52. Importantly, without assessment of SCFA concentration at the major site of production in the ascending colon, which requires technically demanding and invasive techniques,54 it will be difficult to confirm the interaction between the low FODMAP diet, SCFA production and symptom provocation in IBS.…”

Section: The Low Fodmap Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

The low FODMAP diet: recent advances in understanding its mechanisms and efficacy in IBS

Staudacher

Whelan

2017

Gut

284

236

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There is an intensifying interest in the interaction between diet and the functional GI symptoms experienced in IBS. Recent studies have used MRI to demonstrate that short-chain fermentable carbohydrates increase small intestinal water volume and colonic gas production that, in those with visceral hypersensitivity, induces functional GI symptoms. Dietary restriction of short-chain fermentable carbohydrates (the low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol (FODMAP) diet) is now increasingly used in the clinical setting. Initial research evaluating the efficacy of the low FODMAP diet was limited by retrospective study design and lack of comparator groups, but more recently well-designed clinical trials have been published. There are currently at least 10 randomised controlled trials or randomised comparative trials showing the low FODMAP diet leads to clinical response in 50%-80% of patients with IBS, in particular with improvements in bloating, flatulence, diarrhoea and global symptoms. However, in conjunction with the beneficial clinical impact, recent studies have also demonstrated that the low FODMAP diet leads to profound changes in the microbiota and metabolome, the duration and clinical relevance of which are as yet unknown. This review aims to present recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms by which the low FODMAP diet impacts on symptoms in IBS, recent evidence for its efficacy, current findings regarding the consequences of the diet on the microbiome and recommendations for areas for future research.

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Prediction of In Vivo Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production in Hindgut Fermenting Mammals: Problems and Pitfalls

Cited by 21 publications

References 126 publications

Fermentation of Propionibacterium acnes, a Commensal Bacterium in the Human Skin Microbiome, as Skin Probiotics against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Fermentation of Propionibacterium acnes, a Commensal Bacterium in the Human Skin Microbiome, as Skin Probiotics against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

VSL#3 probiotic modifies mucosal microbial composition but does not reduce colitis-associated colorectal cancer

The low FODMAP diet: recent advances in understanding its mechanisms and efficacy in IBS

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