Prediction of iontophoretic transport across the skin

Mudry, Blaise; Guy, Richard H.; Delgado‐Charro, M. Begoña

doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.12.020

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In practice, the current is not solely carried by drug ions. Background ions in the solution and counterions traveling from the skin towards the electrode compete with the drug ions, and the fraction of the current that is carried by drug ions is usually unknown [14]. Also, an iontophoretic dose is usually given over a certain period of time, typically seconds to minutes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Time-Response Model for Analysis of Drug Transport and Blood Flow Response during Iontophoresis of Acetylcholine and Sodium Nitroprusside

Tesselaar

Henricson²,

Jönsson³

et al. 2008

J Vasc Res

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Background/Aims: The analysis of blood flow responses to iontophoresis of vasoactive drugs is often limited to evaluation of maximum responses. In this study, a time-response model is proposed for the blood flow responses to vasoactive drugs applied by iontophoresis. Methods: The microvascular bed is represented as a single compartment with a zero-order influx of the drugs from the electrode and a first-order clearance due to diffusion and blood flow. The blood flow response to the local drug dose is described using the E_max model. Results: The model accurately describes the blood flow responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside during a single iontophoretic current pulse. There is a significant clearance out of the microvascular bed during iontophoresis which depends on the type of drug administered. Conclusion: The model enables an accurate estimation of response parameters such as ED50 and maximum response, even if the true maximum blood flow is not obtained. The results suggest that due to clearance from the microvascular bed, the local drug dose during a single pulse of current is not linearly proportional to current strength multiplied by pulse duration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Time-Response Model for Analysis of Drug Transport and Blood Flow Response during Iontophoresis of Acetylcholine and Sodium Nitroprusside

Tesselaar

Henricson²,

Jönsson³

et al. 2008

J Vasc Res

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“…I particularly recommend the superb 5-fluorouracil series summarized in figure 5[106], the work on the 5-aminolevulinic acid esters [109], and that on the relative contribution of electro-osmosis and electrorepulsion [21]. Later, the group provided further insight into transport numbers during transdermal iontophoresis [110,111,112,113], an aspect which had been relatively neglected in the field, and into peptide iontophoretic transport [114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121] presenting new structure-transport relationships. On the whole, the extensive work by Guy and collaborators provided a better understanding of drug iontophoretic transport and its rational optimization.…”

Section: Iontophoresismentioning

confidence: 99%

Richard Guy and His Collaborators: ‘Crackling' the Skin Code

Delgado‐Charro

2013

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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This paper aims to summarize the contributions of Richard Guy and collaborators to the skin field. Major contributions have been areas such as the modelling of skin absorption, use of spectroscopic techniques (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy) to characterize the skin barrier and the effects of enhancing techniques on the membrane, dermatopharmacokinetics and assessment of topical bio-availability, iontophoresis and reverse iontophoresis, and use of imaging techniques to elucidate pathways of penetration and the skin disposition of nanoparticles. The field of topical and transdermal drug delivery has benefitted incalculably from the extensive work of Guy and his group: their findings about mechanisms of drug delivery and permeation enhancement, and the development of methodologies which are now accepted as gold standards by skin scientists.

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“…5). Following the principles demonstrated by Mudry et al (2006) for cation electrotransport, and assuming their validity for the anionic PHEN, the maximum transport number of the drug at pH 7.4, i.e., in the absence of competing co-ions, is estimated to be 0.035 (determined by substitution of X PHEN = 1 in the linear regression equation given in Fig. 5).…”

Section: Iontophoretic Delivery Across Intact Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%