“…As a result, alternatives like solar energy, wind energy, small hydropower systems, hydrogen energy, electric vehicles, etc are gaining momentum at a faster pace [ 6 , 7 ]. The above-mentioned techniques are useful for curbing future emissions and in removing past or existing emissions techniques like carbon capture utilization & and storage (CCUS) have shown great potential [ 8 , 9 ]. CCUS is a four-step process that includes capturing carbon (by techniques like bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, direct air capture, pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxyfuel combustion), transportation (by ships, railways, marine vessels, pipelines, etc.…”