Prediction of lead leaching from galvanic corrosion of lead-containing components in copper pipe drinking water supply systems

Chang, Lu; Lee, Joseph H.W.; FUNG, Y.S.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129169

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The S3 study site reported the lowest level of cadmium in water (0.0004 ppm) in February, and the S2 study site recorded the highest level (0.1278 ppm) in August, Figure (3). Lead comes from several sources, such as lead-containing metal pipes that are used to transport water [11]. In addition, places and workshops for washing and repairing cars throw large amounts of motor oils and lead-containing fuel into the sewage network, and thus reach the river water [12].…”

Section: Cadmium (Cd) Concentration In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Use Unio Tigridis as a Bioindicator of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Diwaniyah River

Omran,

Khoen

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The current study aims to estimate the concentrations of lead and cadmium in the water of the Diwaniyah River, based on investigation and study of the concentrations of these elements within the body of the vital indicator, where this organism will be taken from 4 different stations with varying distances to know the concentrations and compare them with the national determinants. The study showed that the main sources of pollution the water of the Diwaniyah River is due to the river’s passage within the city center and the discharge of sewage into it directly and in the role of a treatment agent and throwing waste of all kinds and the increase of human activities in the center, which causes an increase in the concentration of pollutants, including heavy elements. Highly efficient treatment units to reduce pollutants that are disposed directly into the river water, as well as increasing the environmental awareness of the population.

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Section: Cadmium (Cd) Concentration In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Use Unio Tigridis as a Bioindicator of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Diwaniyah River

Omran,

Khoen

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…The main lead source in a lead pipe is the pipe itself. Besides lead-manufactured pipes, another source of lead in non-lead pipe systems are brass fixtures and lead-solder connections [41][42][43][44][45]. These fittings represent discrete sources of lead that may give rise to significant lead concentrations in drinking water.…”

Section: Materials Used To Manufacture Drinking Water Distribution Pi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, lead is the anode and corrodes, while copper is the cathode (Figure 11). In case of stagnant water, the lead concentration increases and when the water is used again, concentration peaks of lead in tap water are generated [45]. The model is based on Ohm's law, Faradays' law, and polarization theory to predict lead concentration in stagnant water after a given time.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Behavior of Polymeric Pipes in Drinking Water Distribution System—Comparison with Other Pipe Materials

Stefan,

Bosomoiu,

Teodorescu

2023

Polymers

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The inner walls of the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) are expected to be clean to ensure a safe quality of drinking water. Complex physical, chemical, and biological processes take place when water comes into contact with the pipe surface. This paper describes the impact of leaching different compounds from the water supply pipes into drinking water and subsequent risks. Among these compounds, there are heavy metals. It is necessary to prevent these metals from getting into the DWDS. Those compounds are susceptible to impacting the quality of the water delivered to the population either by leaching dangerous chemicals into water or by enhancing the development of microorganism growth on the pipe surface. The corrosion process of different pipe materials, scale formation mechanisms, and the impact of bacteria formed in corrosion layers are discussed. Water treatment processes and the pipe materials also affect the water composition. Pipe materials act differently in the flowing and stagnation conditions. Moreover, they age differently (e.g., metal-based pipes are subjected to corrosion while polymer-based pipes have a decreased mechanical resistance) and are susceptible to enhanced bacterial film formation. Water distribution pipes are a dynamic environment, therefore, the models that are used must consider the changes that occur over time. Mathematical modeling of the leaching process is complex and includes the description of corrosion development over time, correlated with a model for the biofilm formation and the disinfectants–corrosion products and disinfectants–biofilm interactions. The models used for these processes range from simple longitudinal dispersion models to Monte Carlo simulations and 3D modeling. This review helps to clarify what are the possible sources of compounds responsible for drinking water quality degradation. Additionally, it gives guidance on the measures that are needed to maintain stable and safe drinking water quality.

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“…[18] Therefore, the measurement of mixed potential might provide a method to evaluate the galvanic corrosion without separating copper/low-carbon steel couple. However, the mixed potentials are affected by many factors, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] such as the area ratio, conductivity of electrolyte, location of reference electrode, and so on. The effect of area ratio of copper/steel couple on the mixed potential has been studied by previous work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating galvanic corrosion rate of copper/steel couple by using remote earth mixed potential

Zhuang,

Du,

Chen

et al. 2024

Materials & Corrosion

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Copper and steel are often electrically connected in industrial devices, which causes galvanic corrosion in environments. To ensure the safety of the devices, it is needed to assess the corrosion rate of galvanic couples. The galvanic current is often used to calculate the galvanic corrosion rate in theory, however, in the actual devices, the copper parts are generally coupled with the steel parts and it is difficult to separate them to measure the galvanic current between them, as well as to determine the galvanic corrosion rates for actual devices. In this paper, the galvanic couple mixed potential distribution and influencing factors including area ratios, polarization characteristics, and medium resistivity are studied by experiments and calculation. The mixed potential becomes stable with a certain distance from the surface of copper/steel couple and acts as remote earth mixed potential. Remote earth mixed potential is positively associated with galvanic corrosion rate. Based on the results of experiments and calculation, a method to estimate the galvanic corrosion rate of steel in copper/steel couple by using the remote earth mixed potential is proposed.

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Prediction of lead leaching from galvanic corrosion of lead-containing components in copper pipe drinking water supply systems

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Use Unio Tigridis as a Bioindicator of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Diwaniyah River

Use Unio Tigridis as a Bioindicator of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Diwaniyah River

The Behavior of Polymeric Pipes in Drinking Water Distribution System—Comparison with Other Pipe Materials

Estimating galvanic corrosion rate of copper/steel couple by using remote earth mixed potential

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