The purpose of this research is to investigate the use
of alumina
nanoparticles (NPs) in low-salinity brine for enhanced oil recovery
in carbonate oil reservoirs. A set of analyses including oil/water
interfacial tension (IFT), zeta potential, and rock wettability were
performed to choose optimized dispersions for spontaneous imbibition
tests. The highest oil/water IFT reduction by 0.3% w/v brine occurred
at 80 °C/14.5 psi (from 41.3 to 24.3 mN/m at ambient conditions),
whereas upon adding 0.05 wt % alumina, IFT declined to 15.6 mN/m at
60 °C/14.5 psi, implying the dependency of NP performance on
thermodynamics. The adsorption energy of 0.05 wt % alumina in low-salinity
brine at varying pressures/temperatures was calculated to be 6844 k
B
T at 60 °C/14.5 psi and
5753 k
B
T at 25 °C/600
psi, confirming that temperature is a more influential parameter than
pressure. The wettability analysis revealed a considerable reduction
in contact angle from 151 to 65 ± 5° using 0.03–0.05
wt % alumina in low-salinity brine, whereas the reduction by low-salinity
brine alone was much smaller. Ion chromatography of core effluents
showed no natural presence of anhydrite in the rock texture but sulfate
adsorbed to the rock surface during Na2SO4 flooding,
showing the interaction of sulfate-rich brines with rock Ca2+, which was also recognized by zeta potential measurements (rock
zeta potential shifts from positive toward negative on adding ions,
which implies the formation of > CaSO4
–). Spontaneous imbibition results showed that adding alumina to sulfate-containing
low-salinity brine in the tertiary stage can double the oil production
in a shorter time as compared to low-salinity brine alone, proving
a synergistic effect with alumina NPs.