Prediction of natural ventilation in buildings with large openings

Li, Yuguo; Delsante, A.E.; Symons, J. G.

doi:10.1016/s0360-1323(99)00011-6

Cited by 100 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The analytical model calculates the temperature elevation in the room with a distributed heat flux. The position of neutral buoyancy, (the position where pressure in the room equals that in the exterior), was investigated by Andersen (2003); Li et al (2000); Fitzgerald and Woods (2004). An analytical model was developed by Fitzgerald and Woods (2007) who studied the influence of stacks on flow patterns and stratification associated with natural ventilation with two openings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analytical Solution for Steady Temperature Profiles in a Vertically Stratified Environment

Awad¹

2014

MAS

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Thermal stratification is an important phenomenon to be evaluated and studied to save energy consumed in fully insulated environments and to improve indoor air quality and human comfort. An analytical study to investigate stratified flow characteristics in a ventilated environment was presented. Most existing studies were either numerical or experimental and correlations for predicting characteristics of stratified flow, such as temperature distribution, temperature gradient, stratified layer thickness and height were based on empirical data. A simple mathematical model was developed to predict these characteristics. The predictions were compared with the published experimental data and good agreement has been obtained. Such a simple model would be very useful to practicing engineers for HVAC and designing applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analytical Solution for Steady Temperature Profiles in a Vertically Stratified Environment

Awad¹

2014

MAS

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“…[9][10][11]13,15,[30][31][32][33][34]), simulations with zonal and multizone network models (e.g. [35][36][37][38]) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models (e.g. [8,[21][22][23][24][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD simulation of cross-ventilation for a generic isolated building: Impact of computational parameters

Ramponi

Blocken

2012

Building and Environment

467

271

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• Extensive literature review on numerical cross-ventilation studies in overview table.• Detailed sensitivity analysis for CFD simulations of a cross-ventilated building model.• The SST k-ω turbulence model shows the best agreement with PIV measurements.• The turbulent kinetic energy strongly influences the convergence and the results.• The prediction of the outdoor standing vortex largely affects the indoor airflow. AbstractAccurate CFD simulation of coupled outdoor wind flow and indoor air flow is essential for the design and evaluation of natural cross-ventilation strategies for buildings. It is widely recognized that CFD simulations can be very sensitive to the large number of computational parameters that have to be set by the user. Therefore, detailed and generic sensitivity analyses of the impact of these parameters on the simulation results are important to provide guidance for the execution and evaluation of future CFD studies. A detailed review of the literature indicates that there is a lack of extensive generic sensitivity studies for CFD simulation of natural cross-ventilation. In order to provide such a study, this paper presents a series of coupled 3D steady RANS simulations for a generic isolated building. The CFD simulations are validated based on detailed wind tunnel experiments with Particle Image Velocimetry. The impact of a wide range of computational parameters is investigated, including the size of the computational domain, the resolution of the computational grid, the inlet turbulent kinetic energy profile of the atmospheric boundary layer, the turbulence model, the order of the discretization schemes and the iterative convergence criteria. Specific attention is given to the problem of oscillatory convergence that was observed during some of these coupled CFD simulations. Based on this analysis, the paper identifies the most important parameters. The intention is to contribute to improved accuracy, reliability and evaluation of coupled CFD simulations for cross-ventilation assessment.

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“…Thus, it is acknowledged that although ignoring the effects of stratification introduces uncertainty into the model, it is nevertheless considered to be an acceptable trade-off between model complexity and prediction accuracy. 5 …”

Section: Model Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second approach to modelling infiltration uses an appropriate number of ALPs, equally spaced in the vertical plane to account for buoyancy driven flow and sized according to the dwelling's permeability. This is known as the multiple element approach 5 and it is advised that 11 equally spaced ALPs is an adequate number. 2 An elegant development of this approach, when the number of ALPs is large, is the method proposed by Lyberg 6 and Lowe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 An elegant development of this approach, when the number of ALPs is large, is the method proposed by Lyberg 6 and Lowe. 7 The basic equations proposed by Lyberg are additionally used to model airflow through large openings 5 but his formulation also handles airflow through envelopes with a wide range of properties; a brief discussion of the fundamental differences is given in 'Initial tests'. Lowe's twodimensional infiltration model, known as DOMVENT, assumes a linear pressure distribution over a uniformly porous facade and integrates the airflow rate in the vertical plane to predict the theoretically correct airflow rate through that facade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modelling uniformly porous facades to predict dwelling infiltration rates

Jones

Lowe

Davies

et al. 2013

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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It is important to limit dwelling infiltration to reduce energy demand and help meet national climate change commitments while concurrently providing sufficient ventilation to deliver adequate indoor air quality. DOMVENT3D is a model of infiltration and exfiltration that assumes a linear pressure distribution over any number of uniformly porous facades and integrates the airflow rate in the vertical plane to predict the theoretically correct airflow rate through them. DOMVENT3D is a new development of an existing two-dimensional model of infiltration that provides more opportunities for investigating a greater number of dwellings than was previously possible. Initial testing suggests that DOMVENT3D is mathematically robust and is suitable for modelling a wide variety of dwelling types and geometries to assist engineers and policy makers. Practical application: The modern building services engineer may be required to model airflow networks in a building to balance the conflicting needs of energy consumption reduction and occupant health. Limiting exfiltration is one method of reducing heat losses from a building and so there is a need to model it accurately. This article presents a new model of infiltration and exfiltration through a uniformly porous facade that can be incorporated within advanced complex airflow network tools or applied using a simple spreadsheet.

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Prediction of natural ventilation in buildings with large openings

Cited by 100 publications

References 6 publications

An Analytical Solution for Steady Temperature Profiles in a Vertically Stratified Environment

An Analytical Solution for Steady Temperature Profiles in a Vertically Stratified Environment

CFD simulation of cross-ventilation for a generic isolated building: Impact of computational parameters

Modelling uniformly porous facades to predict dwelling infiltration rates

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