Prediction of properties and modeling fire behavior of polyethylene using cone calorimeter

Patel, Roshan J.; Wang, Qingsheng

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2015.11.009

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Typically, TTI decreases when the radiant heat flux increases, as the thermal decomposition rate is enhanced with stronger thermal exposure, thus rapidly increasing the flow rates of volatiles into the gas phase as well. [ 14 ] Indeed, significant differences exist between the TTI of carbon/epoxy laminates manufactured using different forming processes. Compared with A‐C/ELC, the TTI of VB‐C/ELC is much lower under the same level of radiant heat flux due to the inherently low thermal decomposition temperature of VB‐C/ELC, as discussed previously for TGA results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the assumption that the external heat flux q is constant and heat loss from the exposed surface is negligible,

{(\frac{1}{t_{italicig}})}^{n}

was first correlated with q using different values of the coefficient n ( n = 0.5 and 1 correspond to the cases of thermally thick and thin solids, respectively). [ 9,14–17 ] To obtain the ignition time model for two kinds of specimens, Figures 3 and 4 show the effects of q on

{(\frac{1}{t_{italicig}})}^{n}

, with n = 0.5 and 1 for two kinds of carbon/epoxy laminate composites, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of thermal and fire properties of carbon/epoxy laminate composites manufactured using two forming processes

Shen

et al. 2020

Polymer Composites

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Carbon/epoxy composites have been widely used in the aviation industry. However, the flammability of epoxy resins is of great concern within the industry. Currently, vacuum bag and autoclave forming processes are the most commonly used processes for composites. To compare the thermal and fire properties of carbon/epoxy laminate composites manufactured using these two forming processes, a comprehensive experimental investigation and theoretical analysis was carried out in this work. The glass transition temperatures and epoxy resin matrix content in composites were determined. Several thermal and fire properties were quantitatively evaluated, including onset decomposition temperature, time to ignition, mass loss rate (MLR), and heat release rate (HR). The morphologies of specimens before combustion were also observed. For vacuum bag (VB)‐C/ELC and A‐C/ELC, the critical heat flux (14.48 and 20.56 kW m−2), thermal response parameter (165.56 and 204.49 kW s1/2 m−2), heat of gasification (9.13 and 20.10 MJ kg−1), and theoretical heat of combustion (33.27 and 43.82 MJ kg−1) were calculated and compared using the thermal behavior model, MLR model, and heat release rate model, respectively. It has been found that the forming process can significantly affect the fire properties of carbon/epoxy laminate composites. More specifically, the carbon/epoxy laminate composites formed using autoclave forming processes have more combustion resistance and thus have improved fire properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the assumption that the external heat flux q is constant and heat loss from the exposed surface is negligible,

{(\frac{1}{t_{italicig}})}^{n}

{(\frac{1}{t_{italicig}})}^{n}

, with n = 0.5 and 1 for two kinds of carbon/epoxy laminate composites, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of thermal and fire properties of carbon/epoxy laminate composites manufactured using two forming processes

Shen

et al. 2020

Polymer Composites

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“…The experimental setup used in the experiments was the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660), which can be used to measure the fire parameters of materials, such as the HRR, the mass loss rate, the smoke production rate, and the CO production rate . The cone calorimeter is commonly used in fire research . Before the experiments were conducted, the ventilation rate and radiation heat flux were calibrated, and the CO and O 2 sensors were checked.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of external radiation heat flux on combustion characteristics of pure and oil‐impregnated transformer insulating paperboard

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2017

Process Safety Progress

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The effects of external radiation heat flux on the combustion characteristics of pure transformer insulating paperboard (PTIP) and oil‐impregnated transformer insulating paperboard (OITIP) were investigated experimentally. The experiments were conducted with the cone calorimeter using five external radiation heat fluxes that ranged from 25 to 80 kW/m2. The results showed that the ignition time decreased with the external radiation heat flux, and the ignition time of PTIP was much longer than that of OITIP. Both the PTIP and OITIP are thermal thick materials, and the critical radiation heat flux of the PTIP was larger than that of the OITIP. For the PTIP, the peak of the heat release rate (HRR) and toxic gas productions had no significant difference, while those of the OITIP increased with the external radiation heat flux. The HRR peak of the PTIP was larger than that of the OITIP with the external radiation heat fluxes of 25, 35, 50, and 65 kW/m2. When the radiation heat flux increased to 80 kW/m2, the HRR peak of the OITIP became higher. From the perspective of the CO production rate, the hazard of PTIP fires was more severe than that of OITIP fires under the external radiation heat fluxes of 25 and 35 kW/m2. The CO production rate of the PITP was lower than that of the OITP with the high external radiation heat fluxes of 50, 65 and 80 kW/m2. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Process Saf Prog 37:362–368, 2018

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“…PE is used as flame retardant target here because of two reasons. One reason is that PE leaves no residue after degradation and the charring effect of PCS can be clearly investigated 25 , 26 . The other reason is that PE shows high heat release during combustion and the barrier effect of the char can be clearly revealed 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced flame retardancy of polyethylene/magnesium hydroxide with polycarbosilane

Wang

Han

2018

Sci Rep

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Polycarbosilane (PCS) was used for surface modification of magnesium hydroxide (MNH) to enhance the flame retardant effectiveness by forming cohesive binding between MgO particles with ceramic adhesive. Chemical interaction and ceramic reaction were revealed between PCS and MNH, which made for a compact, thermal stable and ceramic-like barrier during the combustion of polyethylene (PE). The flame retardancy of PE/MNH/PCS composites was greatly enhanced and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 35.0 was achieved at the PCS/MNH ratio of 4/26 in the composite with 30 wt.% PCS modified MNH. Such results were superior in terms of high LOI value at low global content of MNH. Thanks to the better shielding effect of the integrated and self-supporting ceramic char, the peak heat release rate (p-HRR) and the total heat release (THR) of PE/MNH/PCS composites with 50 wt.% PCS modified MNH were remarkably decreased by 36% and 25% in comparison with PE/MNH with 50 wt.% MNH, respectively. The ceramic reaction between PCS and MNH, the superior thermal stability due to crosslinked PCS and the good barrier function of cohesive ceramic layer play important roles in the effective flame retardant mechanism.

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Prediction of properties and modeling fire behavior of polyethylene using cone calorimeter

Cited by 24 publications

References 35 publications

Comparison of thermal and fire properties of carbon/epoxy laminate composites manufactured using two forming processes

Comparison of thermal and fire properties of carbon/epoxy laminate composites manufactured using two forming processes

Effects of external radiation heat flux on combustion characteristics of pure and oil‐impregnated transformer insulating paperboard

Enhanced flame retardancy of polyethylene/magnesium hydroxide with polycarbosilane

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