Objective: This study aimed to investigate and compare rumination and defense mechanisms in students with and without specific learning disorders. Methods: The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all male and female students of seventh, eighth, and ninth grade in Sanandaj city in the academic year 2018-2019. The study sample included 106 students (53 students with a specific learning disorder and 53 students without specific learning disorders) selected by multistage cluster random sampling. The data was collected using the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ), Defense Style Questionnaire, Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), and structured clinical interview. The data was analyzed by SPSS software and a Multivariate test. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the two groups of students with and without specific learning disorders in rumination and defense mechanisms (P<0.00) Conclusion: Students with specific learning disabilities have more rumination and use more immature and neurotic defense mechanisms.