Prediction of seizure incidence probability in PTZ model of kindling through spatial learning ability in male and female rats

Sex Differences in the Epilepsies and Associated Comorbidities: Implications for Use and Development of Pharmacotherapies

“…Chronic administration of PTZ produces a progressive worsening of seizure severity (i.e., a kindling effect). Male and female rats acquire PTZ kindling at similar rates despite differing sensitivities to acute PTZ (Haeri et al, 2016).…”

“…Although most investigations have focused on the neurobehavioral consequences of epilepsy and seizure activity, one recent study provides an intriguing potential sex-specific link between underlying performance on the Morris water maze in control conditions and subsequent seizure susceptibility. When Wistar rats were tested first in the Morris water maze and then challenged with PTZ seizure induction, the female rats displayed a correlation between maze performance and later seizure susceptibility that was absent in the males, with better maze performance correlating with reduced subsequent seizure susceptibility (Haeri et al, 2016). Altogether, only a few studies of animal models of epilepsy document sex differences in cognitive comorbidities, and others document the lack of a sex difference in a given behavioral parameter tested.…”

Protective Effects of Intranasally Administrated Oxytocin-Loaded Nanoparticles on Pentylenetetrazole-Kindling Epilepsy in Terms of Seizure Severity, Memory, Neurogenesis, and Neuronal Damage

“…It is also known that these neuropeptide systems are involved in the sex-specific regulation of social behavior in rodents and humans . Moreover, sexual dimorphism is described in human epilepsy. − Also, some studies indicate that seizures and epilepsy can differ by gender in model organisms like rodents including the PTZ-kindling model. − So the potential influence of sex as a biological variable remains to be addressed for the effects of OT/NP-OT administration on PTZ-kindling rats.…”