Prediction of Suicidal Behavior from Biologic Tests

Träskman‐Bendz, Lil; Alling, Christer; Oreland, Lars; Regnéll, Göran; Vinge, Ellen; Öhman, Rolf

doi:10.1097/00004714-199204001-00005

Cited by 47 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Similar to findings in our present study, Queiroz et al [29] found high urinary catecholamine excretion and low plasma cortisol in boys who were neglected and suffering from depression. Low U-cortisol levels have also been seen in patients with anxiety/panic disorder as well as in repeaters of suicide attempts [36,47]. Similarly Yehuda et al [42] showed low cortisol levels to be associated with increased risk for the development of PTSD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Suicide attempters: biological stressmarkers and adverse life events

Sunnqvist

Westrin

Träskman‐Bendz

2008

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosc

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j Abstract Risk factors for suicidal behaviour include adverse life events as well as biochemical parameters acting, e.g. within the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and/or monoaminergic systems. The aim of the present investigation was to study stressful life events and biological stress markers among former psychiatric inpatients, who were followed up 12 years after an index suicide attempt. At the time of the index suicide attempt, and before treatment, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were taken, and 24 h (h) urine (U) was collected. 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycole (MHPG) in CSF and 24 h urinary samples of cortisol and noradrenaline/adrenaline (NA/A) were analysed. Data concerning stressful life events were collected retrospectively from all participants in the study through semi-structured interviews at follow-up. We found that patients who reported sexual abuse during childhood and adolescence had significantly higher levels of CSF-MHPG and U-NA/A, than those who had not. Low 24 h U-cortisol was associated with feelings of neglect during childhood and adolescence. In conclusion, this study has shown significant and discrepant biological stress-system findings in relation to some adverse life events. j Key words suicide attempt AE catecholaminergic markers AE U-cortisol AE adverse life events

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Suicide attempters: biological stressmarkers and adverse life events

Sunnqvist

Westrin

Träskman‐Bendz

2008

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosc

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“…These include seasonal variations in physiological conditions including: plasma levels of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, cerebrospinal fluid 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol concentrations, plasma melatonin concentration and serum cholesterol level, as well as seasonal variations in metabolic and immune disorders [24][25][26] . However, temporal studies of circannual variations by season of the above factors and of violent suicides are still very scarce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality and Climatic Associations with Violent and Nonviolent Suicide: A Population-Based Study

Lin¹,

Chen

Xirasagar

et al. 2008

Neuropsychobiology

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Background: Using 7-year population-based data on Taiwan, we examined seasonal variation in violent versus nonviolent suicide, and its association with meteorological factors: ambient temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, rainfall and daily sunshine hours. Methods: We used Taiwan’s nationwide mortality data from 1997 to 2003, categorizing the sample decedents into two groups, violent (ICD-9-CM codes E953–E958) and nonviolent (E950–E952) suicide, based on the suicide method used. Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) modeling was used to detect seasonality of suicide, and the association of climate variables with violent versus nonviolent suicide. Results: The SARIMA test of seasonality was significant for both genders and the pooled sample (all p < 0.001) in violent suicide deaths, but not nonviolent suicides. Seasonal trends show a significant peak in March–May (early to late spring) for violent suicides. Increasing ambient temperature predicted increasing violent suicide rates. Conclusions: We conclude that seasonality exists in violent but not nonviolent suicide rates. Our findings suggest that suicide is a heterogeneous phenomenon and violent suicide may be more influenced by biochemical and chronobiological mechanisms.

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“…However, most of these patients were diagnosed with depressive disorders, and only a few had a diagnosis within the psychotic spectrum. Suicide attempters in general are more impulsive than psychiatric controls [27], and low concentrations of CSF 5-HIAA have been associated with aggressiveness from a lifetime perspective, as well as with lethality of suicide attempts [106,107]. Serotonin dysfunction, as measured by CSF, has been linked to traits of aggressiveness and depression, which may be clinical mediators of suicidal behavior, an important risk factor for suicide in schizophrenia [108].…”

Section: Biomarkers Of Suicide Risk In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide in schizophrenia

Carlborg

Winnerbäck

Jönsson

et al. 2010

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

116

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SchizophreniaSchizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric disorder affecting approximately 1% of the population worldwide during a lifetime. The onset of the illness occurs relatively early in life, usually in the late teens or early adulthood, and most patients have long-lasting adverse effects. Schizophrenia is a clinical syndrome diagnosed on the basis of symptom profiles, and is characterized by a constellation of symptoms of psychosis, such as abnormalities in the perception or expression of reality, as well as negative symptoms, such as affective flattening and avolition. Cognitive deficits are also usually present, and the symptoms must have persisted continuously for a least 6 months: however, schizophrenia cannot be diagnosed if symptoms of mood disorder are present or the symptoms are the direct result of a medical condition or substance abuse (Box 1) [201].The specific causes of schizophrenia are not known and combinations of several factors are likely to be involved. Genetic factors play a major role in the development of the disease [1], and environmental factors are also of importance. These latter factors include a history of obstetric complications, such as asphyxia [2] and prematurity [3]. Advanced paternal age is also considered to be a risk factor [4], and birth during the spring and late winter also increases the risk [5]. Prenatal viral infections [6], serious viral infections of the CNS during childhood [7], migrant status and urban rearing [8], and a lifetime history of cannabis use [9] are other well-known risk factors.Contrary to previous interpretations, the incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia show marked variation between sites. For example, migrants have an increased incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia, and exposures related to urbanicity, economic status and latitude are also associated with various frequency measures [10]. Men have a higher risk than women [11], and a recent review concluded that men have a 40% higher incidence of schizophrenia than women [12]. SuicideSuicide is defined as a self-inflicted death with evidence that the person intended to die (Box 2) [13]. Suicide is among the leading causes of premature death in the world and it is estimated that approximately 1 million people die by suicide every year [202]. Suicide rates vary according to region, gender, age, time and ethnic origin, and also according to death registration practices. The annual suicide rate in the world is 14.5 out of 10,0000 (in 2000), which is equal to one suicide every 40 s. Suicide is approximately three-to four-times more common in men than in women [202]. Suicide rates vary between different regions, and underestimation of suicide rates is common due to under-reporting, lack of epidemiological data and misclassification [14]. It has been estimated from psychological autopsies that more than 90% of those dying by suicide have a diagnosable psychiatric disorder at the time of death, and approximately 60% of the Schizophrenia is a disorder with an estimated suicide risk of 4-5%. Many f...

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Prediction of Suicidal Behavior from Biologic Tests

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Suicide attempters: biological stressmarkers and adverse life events

Suicide attempters: biological stressmarkers and adverse life events

Seasonality and Climatic Associations with Violent and Nonviolent Suicide: A Population-Based Study

Suicide in schizophrenia

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