“…The PAD emotion model is highly operational in terms of emotion calculation, because the model theory envisages the construction of a PAD emotion space, and utilized the quantify way to establish the position and relationship of various emotion categories in the emotion space, and calculate their distance from the basic emotion types in the space, so as to quantify and locate the emotion position in the space in a holistic and comprehensive way, thus determining their emotional tendencies. Hence, the PAD emotion model has been used in the voice-user interface (Huang, et al, 2021), coffee shop industry (Jang and Lee, 2019), poster designs (Kim and Suk, 2020), and websites design (Yang,Kim and Zimmerman, 2020).…”