Prediction of the Potential Distribution of Drosophila suzukii on Madeira Island Using the Maximum Entropy Modeling

Abstract

Drosophila suzukii is one of the main pests that attack soft-skinned fruits and cause significant economic damage worldwide. Madeira Island (Portugal) is already affected by this pest. The present work aimed to investigate the potential distribution of D. suzukii on Madeira Island to better understand the limits of its geographical distribution on the island using the Maximum Entropy modeling (MaxEnt). The resultant model provided by MaxEnt was rated as regular discrimination with the area under the curve (AUC, 0.7–0.8). Upon scrutinizing the environmental variables with the greatest impact on the distribution of D. suzukii, altitude emerged as the dominant contributor, with the highest percentage (71.2%). Additionally, elevations ranging from 0 to 500 m were identified as appropriate for the species distribution. With the results of the model, it becomes possible to understand/predict which locations will be most suitable for the establishment of the analyzed pest and could be further applied not only for D. suzukii but also for other species that hold the potential for substantial economic losses in this insular region.

Invasive Pest and Invasive Host: Where Might Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) and American Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) Cross Paths in Europe?

“…Determining the potential ranges of these two species could provide useful information for identifying their invasion hotspots. Several case studies have determined their potential ranges in Europe [25][26][27][28]. For example, dos Santos et al (2017) predicted that extreme northern Spain and Portugal [29], France, Austria, Greece, Italy, Switzerland, Albania, and southern Germany comprised invasion hotspots for spotted-winged drosophila; these findings were largely consistent with those of Nair et al (2023) [30].…”

Future Climate Change and Anthropogenic Disturbance Promote the Invasions of the World’s Worst Invasive Insect Pests

“…However, the influences of topographical factors relative to those of climate variables need further investigation. For example, Macedo et al (2023) observed that topographical factors had strong effects on Drosophila suzukii' ranges in Madeira Island in Portugal [33]. In contrast, de Souza et al (2010) [34] and Adeogun et al (2023) [32] did not observe this.…”